Kashf al-Āthār al-Sharīfa fī Manāqib al-Imām Abī Ḥanīfa

My father, may God have mercy on him, and Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. They said: Aḥmad ibn al-Layth, Abū Naṣr al-Bukhārī, related to us. He said: ʿĀrim, Abū al-Nuʿmān, related to us. He said: Ḥammād ibn Zayd related to us. He said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, relate from ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, who said: ʿAlī ibn al-Aqmar related to me, from Masrūq, who said: I visited ʿĀʾisha, may God be pleased with her, on the Day of ʿArafa. She said: ‘Give Masrūq something to drink, give him plenty, and milk for him.’ I said: ‘Mother of the Believers! The only thing that prevented me from fasting today was my fear that it might be the Day of Sacrifice.’ She said: ‘The Day of Sacrifice is the day on which the people sacrifice, and the day of breaking the fast is the day on which the people break their fast.’

He said: ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī related to us. He said: ʿĀrim, Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl, related to us. He said: Ḥammād ibn Zayd related to us. He said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, relate from ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, with his chain of transmission, something similar.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: al-Dūrī, ʿAbbās, related to us. He said: Ḥammād ibn Zayd related to us: The report.

Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: I heard Abū ʿIṣma, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh al-Marwazī, say: I heard Abū Sulaymān, Mūsā ibn Sulaymān, relate from Ḥammād ibn Zayd, who said: We used to sit with ʿAmr ibn Dīnār. Whenever Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, arrived, he turned his attention to him and left us.

Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Sawwār al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Ḥarb al-Mawṣilī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Yamān informed us. He said: Yāsīn said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, and I were with Abū al-Zubayr al-Makkī. I saw something remarkable in the way Abū al-Zubayr revered Abū Ḥanīfa, honored him, and turned his attention to him. May God have mercy on them both.

Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn ʿUthmān al-Simsār al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Dāwūd ibn Mikhrāq al-Fāryābī related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn Sālim al-Qaddāḥ related to us. He said: We often discussed Abū Ḥanīfa’s legal questions in Ibn Jurayj’s presence, and he approved of them. He loved Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, and mentioned him often.

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf al-Bukhārī, who settled in Balkh, related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Zanbūr related to us. He said: al-Ḥārith ibn ʿUmayr al-Makkī related to us. He said: When Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, came to Mecca, those who sat with him most often were Ibn Jurayj and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād. Ibn Jurayj praised him and loved him.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al-Hamdānī related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd related to us. He said: I heard my father relate from al-Ḥusayn ibn Ziyād, who said: Ibn Jurayj would sometimes mention a legal question and say: ‘What does your companion say about this question?’ At other times, he would mention something from Abū Ḥanīfa’s views, may God be pleased with him.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd related to us. He said: Ḥasan ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ al-Dawāhī related to us. He said: Hishām ibn Yūsuf said: I have never seen anyone more learned in jurisprudence than Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him. I heard Ibn Jurayj, when he was mentioned in his presence, express great admiration for him and mention things about him, and speak further.

The final phrase وذكر منه وذكر is terse in the printed text; it has not been expanded into an unstated account.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Surayj al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Nūḥ, Abū al-Faḍl, related to us with his permission. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Ṭabbāʿ related to me. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā say: I heard Rawḥ—that is, Ibn ʿUbāda—say: I was with Ibn Jurayj in the year 150 when news of the death of Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, reached him. He said, “We belong to God and to Him we return,” grieved, and then said: “What knowledge has been lost!” He said: Ibn Jurayj also died that year.

Muḥammad ibn Zayd related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUmar ibn Shaqīq related to us. He said: ʿUmar ibn Hārūn related to us. He said: I heard Ibn Jurayj say: I said to Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him: “You are not more learned in jurisprudence than your companions, but you have been granted understanding.”

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf al-Bukhārī, who settled in Balkh, related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Zanbūr related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād related to us. He said: Whenever my father was uncertain about a matter of his religion, he wrote about it to Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him. When I traveled to Abū Ḥanīfa, he entrusted me with questions to ask him. When Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, came to Mecca, he stayed close to my father and followed his example in his affairs.

Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Ḥarb al-Mawṣilī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, from his father: He asked Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him: “Who is the most learned in jurisprudence of those you have met?” Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have abundant mercy on him, replied: “I have not met anyone more learned in jurisprudence than Ḥammād.”

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim related to us. He said: al-Samarī ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Shuʿayb ibn Ibrāhīm related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, is what distinguishes us from other people. If someone loves him and is loyal to him, we know that he belongs to the people of the Sunna. If someone hates him, we know that he belongs to the people of innovation.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Maʿrūf ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī, of Astābādh, related to us. He mentioned it from Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Muqriʾ, who said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād said: Abū Ḥanīfa is a test: only a follower of the Sunna loves him, and only an innovator hates him.

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī informed us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Ḥakīma related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad al-Khuzāʿī al-Marwazī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād related to us. He said: I heard my father say: The distinguishing sign between us and other people is Abū Ḥanīfa. Whoever loves him, we love; whoever hates him, we hate and oppose.

Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. He said: I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ say, mentioning it to Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Shaqīq: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād said to Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him: “This man has summoned me”—meaning the caliph—“and when I enter his presence, I cannot restrain myself from enjoining and forbidding. Put together some words for me to say, so that I can enjoin and forbid in safety and security.” Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, said to him: “When you enter his presence, greet him and remain silent, for it is their place to speak. If they ask you about something and you have an answer, answer. If not, say: ‘Commander of the Believers! The world is sought for four things. It is sought for honor: you are a noble man, the son of a noble man, and a cousin of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him. It is sought for dominion: you have gained dominion over the Arabs and non-Arabs. It is sought for wealth: God has granted you immeasurable wealth. So fear God, Commander of the Believers, and devote yourself to righteous deeds. Be mindful of God concerning what God, mighty and exalted, has forbidden you, and you will have gathered the good of this world and the next.’” He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī wrote this down from Abū ʿAbd Allāh.

The text says “four things” but explicitly lists three. The translation preserves this wording without supplying a fourth item.

Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr al-Bukhārī and others related to us, from Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī, who said: I heard Abū Wahb say: I heard ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād say: The adherents of opinion are enemies of the Sunna. He said: “[They are] the Ḥarūriyya and the followers of sectarian inclinations.”

Ṣāliḥ ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Muqātil al-Baghdādī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn al-Sarī ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Abū al-Sawwār, from Abū Ḥāḍir, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, underwent cupping at al-Qāḥa while in the state of iḥrām and fasting.

Muḥammad ibn Yazīd ibn Abī Khālid related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to us—both were from Bukhara. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Zayd ibn Abī Unaysa, from Abū al-Walīd, from Jābir, may God be pleased with him: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, prohibited muḥāqala and muzābana.

The technical transaction names muḥāqala and muzābana are retained as printed rather than replaced with an unstated definition.

Muḥammad ibn Rajjāz ibn Quraysh al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Naṣr ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, who said: There is no harm in a man washing his wife.

The Arabic does not explicitly say “after her death”; the translation does not insert those words.

Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAllān ibn Yaʿqūb related to me at Jalūlāʾ. He said: Muslim al-Baghdādī related to me. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, who said: He prays two units—meaning, if he catches them sitting during the Friday prayer.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Ḥarb al-Mawṣilī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, from ʿAlqama, who said: If I told you that I saw ʿUmar and Ibn Masʿūd, may God be pleased with them both, both prostrate at “When the sky is split open,” I would be speaking truthfully. As for the remaining ones, one of the two.

The last clause is abbreviated in the Arabic: “As for the remaining ones, one of the two.” Its omitted referents are not supplied. The quoted opening of the sūra is retained as a quotation.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Bassām al-ʿAsqalānī related to us. He said: Ibn Abī al-Sarī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Ḥammād, who said: I came to Ibrāhīm while he was hiding from al-Ḥajjāj. He was given the good news of al-Ḥajjāj’s death, and he made a prostration of gratitude out of joy.

Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar, Abū al-Muwajjih al-Marwazī, related to us. He said: ʿAbdān informed us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh informed us. He said: Wuhayb al-Makkī informed me. He said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, say: I saw Ayyūb al-Sakhtiyānī approach the Prophet’s grave, peace and blessings be upon him. He turned his back to the qibla and faced the grave, then wept without forcing himself to weep.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Shayba ibn Hishām, Abū Saʿīd al-Sarakhsī, related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Shaqīq related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh said: Wuhayb, or someone else, related to me, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: I saw Ayyūb al-Sakhtiyānī approach the grave, and I said: “I shall watch.” He said: I wanted to hold on to something. He said: He put the qibla behind his back and turned his face toward their faces. He said: Then he wept profusely. Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, said: “My hair stood on end at what I saw him do, and I continued to love him thereafter.”

The Arabic has the plural “their faces”; the referent is not expanded or silently changed to the singular.

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Muʿāwiya related to us. He said: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Abān ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh, from Ibrāhīm, from ʿAlqama, may God have mercy on them, from ʿAbd Allāh, from his mother: She spent the night with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and saw him bow after the qunūt.

Muḥammad ibn Khuzayma ibn Muḥaysān al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Abī ʿUmar al-ʿAdanī related to us. He said: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna related to us. He said: al-Nuʿmān, Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to me, from a man, from Abū Hurayra, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: When the star rises, the blight is lifted from every town.

The Arabic says “the star” without naming it. “Blight” renders العاهة; the text does not name a particular disease.

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Hamdānī al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Zuhayr related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Bashshār related to us. [He said:] Ibn ʿUyayna related to us. He said: One day I passed Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, while he was with his companions in the mosque. Their voices had grown loud, so I said: “Abū Ḥanīfa, this is the mosque; voices should not be raised here.” He said: “Leave them, for they do not gain understanding except in this way.”

Ismāʿīl ibn Bishr related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik related to us. He said: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna related to us. He said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, being asked about a man who was owed a thousand dirhams by another man, payable at a set time, and said: “Pay me eight hundred now, and you may keep two hundred.” He said: “There is no harm in it.”

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Muslim ibn Hammām related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn al-Madīnī related to me. He said: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna informed us. He said: al-Walīd related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him: He said that the grandfather does not draw the walāʾ to himself.

The legal term walāʾ is retained. The translation does not add conditions or a legal explanation absent from this short report.

Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn ʿUthmān al-Simsār related to me. He said: Dāwūd ibn Mikhrāq al-Fāryābī related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn Sālim al-Qaddāḥ related to us. [He said: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna related to us. He said:] Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, used to complete sixty recitations of the Qurʾān every Ramadan: one complete recitation at night and one during the day.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī and al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbbād al-Tirmidhī related to us. They said: ʿAlī ibn Khashram related to us. He said: I heard Ibn ʿUyayna say: I have never seen anyone more scrupulous than Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.

Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd, Abū Saʿīd al-Harawī, related to us. He said: I heard Abū Yaʿqūb al-Marwazī, Yūsuf ibn al-Qāsim, say: I heard Ibn ʿUyayna say: In Abū Ḥanīfa’s time, may God be pleased with him, there was no man in Kufa better than him, more scrupulous, or more learned in jurisprudence.

My father, may God be pleased with him, and another person related to me. They said: Saʿīd ibn Masʿūd al-Marwazī related to us. He said: I heard Abū Zayd, the specialist in legal documents, relate from ʿAlī ibn al-Madīnī, from Ibn ʿUyayna: He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, used to complete the Qurʾān sixty times in Ramadan: once at night and once during the day.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: I heard Ḥāmid ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥammād, known as al-Makkī al-Sakhtiyānī, say: I heard Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna say: The first person to have me sit to relate hadith was Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him. They asked me about the reports of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, and I related his reports to them: eight hundred reports.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: I heard Khalaf al-Samarqandī say: Suwayd ibn Saʿīd al-Anbārī related to us. He said: I heard Ibn ʿUyayna say: The first person to have me sit to relate hadith was Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him. Abū Ḥanīfa gathered with the senior shaykhs, who asked me about the reports of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, and I related them. Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, said: “This man is among the most knowledgeable people concerning the reports of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār.”

Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Sulaymān related to us. He said: I heard Abū ʿIṣma say: I heard Abū Sulaymān say: We were with Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna when his legal question came up in the gathering: a man is owed dinars by another man, payable at a specified time, and takes dirhams from him worth less than the dinars; or he is owed dirhams and takes dinars before the payment falls due. Ibn ʿUyayna said: “Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, saw no harm in it.”

I heard Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bazzāz say: I heard Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī say: I heard ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-Ghaffār say: I heard Ibn ʿUyayna say: May God have mercy on Abū Ḥanīfa! He was indeed among those devoted to prayer.

Al-ʿAbbās ibn Ḥamza al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn Salama al-Labaqī say: I heard Ibn ʿUyayna say: May God have mercy on Abū Ḥanīfa, for he was among those devoted to prayer.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim, Abū Bakr al-Balkhī, related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Muhājir related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rajāʾ related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Sālim al-Afṭas, from Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who said: I accompanied Ibn ʿUmar, may God be pleased with them both. While riding a camel, he saw a kite and threw something at it, although he was in the state of iḥrām.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣabāḥ related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rajāʾ related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both, who said: The companions of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him and may God be pleased with them, agreed on nothing as they agreed on performing the sunset prayer early and the dawn prayer when it had grown light.

Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Hishām ibn ʿAmmār related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rajāʾ related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both: He said: A kiss does not require ablution.

Yaḥyā ibn Ismāʿīl ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān al-Hamdānī al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān related to me. He said: ʿAbd Allāh al-Walīd al-ʿAdanī related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Khālid ibn ʿAlqama, from ʿAbd Khayr, from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, may God be pleased with him: He called for water, washed his hands three times, rinsed his mouth three times, washed his face three times and his forearms three times, wiped his head three times, and washed his feet three times. Then he said: “This is the ablution of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him.”

The printed chain has عبد الله الوليد العدني without ibn. This form is retained in the translation; the matn’s threefold wiping of the head is also retained as printed.

My father related to us. He said: Asbāṭ ibn al-Yasaʿ al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān informed us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Walīd al-ʿAdanī informed us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, concerning patrons through manumission, the paternal aunt, and the maternal aunt: The estate belongs to the patrons through manumission, and neither the paternal aunt nor the maternal aunt inherits. This is the view of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and Zayd, may God be pleased with them both.

My father related to us. He said: Asbāṭ informed us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān related to us, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Walīd, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: The grandfather does not draw the walāʾ to himself.

The technical legal term walāʾ is retained, as in report 33.

Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn ʿUthmān al-Simsār al-Bukhārī related to me. He said: Dāwūd ibn Mikhrāq al-Fāryābī related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn Sālim related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Ibn Shihāb, from a man of the family of Sabra, from his father: The Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, prohibited temporary marriage with women on the day of the conquest of Mecca.

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Qutayba related to us. He said: Ḥasan ibn Ziyād ibn ʿUmar related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn Sālim al-Makkī related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al-Najūd, from Zirr ibn Ḥubaysh, from ʿAbd Allāh, may God be pleased with him: He took a louse and buried it in the pebbles. Then he said: “Have We not made the earth a gathering place for the living and the dead?”

The quoted passage is Qurʾān 77:25–26.

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn al-Faḍl related to us. He said: Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar al-ʿAdanī related to us, from Saʿīd ibn Sālim al-Qaddāḥ, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: If a man swears to abstain from his wife, separates from her by khulʿ, and then pronounces divorce upon her during her waiting period, it takes effect.

Aḥmad ibn Muslim, one of the clients of Saʿīd ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿUthmān, may God be pleased with him, related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Bajalī related to us. He said: I heard al-Ḥasan ibn Jubayr say: I heard al-Qaddāḥ in Mecca, saying in his teaching circle: People! These reports do more harm than good, except for someone who knows their explanation and interpretation. He said: I have never seen anyone explain this knowledge as Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, explained it.

The repeated ʿUthmān in the printed name is retained.

My father and Abū Sahl related to us. They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh related to us. He said: Ayyūb ibn Sulaymān mentioned it. He said: Saʿīd ibn Sālim al-Qaddāḥ related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both, who said: If a man says to his wife, “You are divorced, adulteress,” he said: There is neither liʿān nor flogging.

Liʿān is retained as the technical term in the reported statement.

My paternal uncle Jibrīl ibn Yaʿqūb ibn al-Ḥārith informed us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Ḥakīm al-Samarqandī related to us. He said: Sulaym ibn Muslim related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Manṣūr, from Abū Wāʾil, from Ḥudhayfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: I saw the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, urinate standing at a people’s refuse heap.

Abū Saʿīd Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd al-Harawī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Harawī related to us. He said: Sulaym ibn Muslim ibn Nāfiʿ related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Mūsā ibn Abī ʿĀʾisha, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād, from Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, may God be pleased with him, who said: A man recited behind the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, and he forbade him to do so.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Ḥarb al-Mawṣilī related to us. He said: Muʿāwiya ibn ʿAmr related to us. He said: I heard al-Fuḍayl relate from Muḥārib. Muʿāwiya ibn ʿAmr had also related from Abū Isḥāq al-Fazārī, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Muḥārib ibn Dithār, from Ibn ʿUmar, may God be pleased with them both: He said: Whoever prays four units after the night prayer will have the equivalent of four such units on the Night of Decree. Muʿāwiya said: I asked al-Fuḍayl who had related it to him from Muḥārib. He said: “A man related it to me from Muḥārib.” I said: “Did al-Nuʿmān relate it to you?” He nodded his head toward me: yes.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbda al-Ḍabbī related to us. He said: Al-Fuḍayl sometimes spoke unkindly of Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, and his companions, may God have mercy on them. Yet when a legal question arose for him, he asked them, and when he was asked a legal question, he directed people to them.

Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. He said: al-Fatḥ ibn Ḥusayn related to us. He said: I heard al-Qāsim ibn Isḥāq say: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashʿath say: When a legal question arose in Mecca and al-Fuḍayl was asked about it, he directed people to Abū Zayd, saying: “Go and ask Abū Zayd.” One day I said to him: “May God have mercy on you! When a question concerning religion arises for you, you say: ‘Go and ask Abū Zayd.’” He said: “My son”—or “Bukhārī”—“these are people who have investigated this matter and pursued it. This matter cannot be set right without them.”

Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn Yūsuf related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Muḥallab, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Qaṣīr, related to us. He said: I heard Ṣafar ibn Ibrāhīm say: I was with al-Fuḍayl in Mecca when a letter reached me from Bukhara containing a question: a frog had fallen into thickened syrup and died. I asked al-Fuḍayl about it, and he said: “I do not know.” I said: “Whom should I ask?” He said: “[Ask] Yaḥyā ibn Sulaym, and tell me what he says.” I asked him, and he said: “I do not know.” I said to him: “Whom should I ask?” He said: “Ask Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna.” I went to him and found him praying, so I waited until he finished and asked him. He said: “I do not know.” A man came up to me and called me over. He said: “What are you asking about?” I said: “A question [arose], and I asked al-Fuḍayl. He did not know and directed me to Yaḥyā. I asked him, but he did not know. I also asked Ibn ʿUyayna, but he did not know.” He said to me: “Go to Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, the man praying by the waterspout.” I went [to him] and found him praying. I waited, and he ended his prayer with the salutation. He said to me: “What do you want?” I said: “A frog fell into thickened syrup and died in it. May it be eaten?” He said: “That is its place.” I said: “How can a frog have a place in syrup?” He said to me: “What would you say if it fell into water?” I said: “There would be no harm.” He said: “It is the same in syrup, too.” I returned to al-Fuḍayl and told him. He marveled and shook his head.

Rubb is rendered “thickened syrup.” The brief reply “That is its place” is retained without supplying an explanation not stated in the text. Printed brackets are preserved.

I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh say: I heard my father say: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashʿath say: Al-Fuḍayl used to send legal questions to Ḥammād ibn Dalīl, Abū Zayd, who was one of Abū Ḥanīfa’s companions, may God be pleased with him. I said to him: “You criticize them and then send legal questions to him?!” He said: “He is an intelligent man.” His father mentioned something similar.

Sahl ibn Khalaf ibn Wardān related to us. He said: al-Haytham, Abū Saʿīd, informed me in Samarkand. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashʿath related to us. He said: I was with al-Fuḍayl ibn ʿIyāḍ when a man came and said to him: “Ibn al-Mubārak has come on pilgrimage.” He said: “I have hope for the people at the standing-place because of him.” The man said: “He visits Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.” Al-Fuḍayl said: “If he did not know that Abū Ḥanīfa was better than him, he would not visit him. I have chosen for myself what ʿAbd Allāh chose.” The man said: “I have heard that you speak against Abū Ḥanīfa.” Al-Fuḍayl said: “Sufyān used to speak against him. When he sat with him, he regretted it and sought forgiveness. Scholars have always been like this among themselves, but they did not curse.”

The printed form السفيان is rendered “Sufyān”; no full identity has been supplied.

Abū Maʿshar Ḥamdawayh ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, the blind man, related to us. He said: Nūḥ ibn Aʿyan wrote to Ṣafar ibn Ibrāhīm: “Ask al-Fuḍayl for me about a frog that fell into thickened syrup.” I asked him, and he said: “Ask Abū Zayd. They have investigated what we have not investigated and asked about what we have not asked about.” I asked him, and he said: “I left the governor’s residence with Abū Yūsuf, who was riding a donkey. A man asked him about this, and he said: ‘It does not spoil the syrup.’” Abū Maʿshar said: Ṣafar ibn Ibrāhīm related reports to me, and then related this one to us.

I heard Abū Yaʿqūb al-Ghazzāl say: I heard Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Munīr say: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashʿath informed me, saying: I heard al-Fuḍayl say: Abū Yūsuf said—and Abū Yūsuf spoke truthfully—“Only someone who is unconcerned with this world and concerned with the next can pursue this matter to the fullest.” [Meaning the study of jurisprudence.]

ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Zanbūr al-Makkī related to us. He said: I heard al-Fuḍayl ibn ʿIyāḍ say: These people’s hearts have been imbued with love for Abū Ḥanīfa, just as the Shīʿa have been imbued with love for ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, may God be pleased with him, to the point that they see no one as more knowledgeable than Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf al-Bukhārī related to us in Balkh. He said: Muḥammad ibn Zanbūr related to us, from al-Ḥārith ibn ʿUmayr al-Makkī, who said: When Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, came to Mecca, those who sat with him most often were Ibn Jurayj and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was exceptionally devoted to him and praised him often.

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Buhlūl related to us. He said: “This is the book of my grandfather, Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād.” I read in it: Saʿīd ibn Suwayd related to me. He said: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn ʿIkrima say: I have never seen anyone more scrupulous than Abū Ḥanīfa, or more learned in jurisprudence than him. May God be pleased with him.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Surayj and another person related to us. He said: I heard Abū Yaḥyā Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-Muqriʾ al-Makkī say: I heard nine hundred reports from my father, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn al-Faḍl related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-Muqriʾ related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Abū Sufyān, from Abū Naḍra, from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, may God be pleased with him: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, said: “Ablution is the key to prayer. The opening magnification makes its prohibitions take effect, and the salutation releases them. Give the salutation after every two units. No prayer suffices without the Opening of the Book and something else recited along with it.”

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to us. He said: al-Muqriʾ related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from ʿAmr ibn Murra, from Abū ʿUbayda, from Ibn Masʿūd, may God be pleased with him: He said: If a man swears to abstain from his wife and does not approach her until four months have passed, she becomes separated from him by one divorce. He may seek her hand during her waiting period.

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to us. He said: al-Muqriʾ related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, who said: ʿAlqama never recited a single letter behind an imam, whether in a prayer with audible recitation or one without audible recitation. In the final two units he did not recite the Mother of the Qurʾān or anything else behind the imam; nor did anyone else or the companions of ʿAbd Allāh.

The compressed final clause is retained; no unprinted qualifications are added. “Mother of the Qurʾān” renders Umm al-Qurʾān.

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to us. He said: al-Muqriʾ related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both, from Nubāta al-Juʿfī, from ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may God be pleased with him: He wiped over his leather socks.

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to us. He said: al-Muqriʾ related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both, who said: If the imam forgets and does not perform the two prostrations for forgetfulness, you are not required to perform them.

And from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both, [who said:] I would rather perform the two prostrations for forgetfulness when they are not required of me than leave them out when they are required of me.

The printed bracketed [قال] is retained as [who said:]. Reports 73–76 begin with abbreviated continuations; missing chains are not supplied.

And from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both: He said: Do not give Satan a way to gain power over you and tempt you.

And from Ḥammād, from Mujāhid and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: They both said: Satan is more eager to flee from one of you than you are to flee from him. If he presents himself to one of you, do not flee from him, lest he overpower you. Rather, be firm against him, and he will flee.

And from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, from al-Aswad: When the time for prayer came, he would make his camel kneel, even if he was on a rock. He did not delay the prayer beyond its time.

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn al-Faḍl related to us. He said: I heard al-Muqriʾ say: What an excellent man Abū Ḥanīfa was, may God be pleased with him! We learned ablution and prayer from him.

Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh and Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sharqī, both of Nishapur, and Ḥātim ibn Maḥmūd related to us. They said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Farrāʾ al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: I heard al-Muqriʾ say: People are two men: Abū Ḥanīfa and Ibn Lahīʿa, may God have mercy on them both. The rest are “counted on the fingers.”

The source uses the Persian phrase دست شمار (dast-shumār). Its literal sense, “counted on the fingers,” is retained here without expanding the comparison.

He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Yazīd related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd said: Abū Ḥanīfa is the king of men. May God have mercy on him.

The Persian شاه مردان (shāh-i mardān) is rendered “king of men.”

My father related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Zuhayr related to us. He said: I heard Ibn Yazīd al-Muqriʾ say: Abū Ḥanīfa was the father of the scholars.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh and another person related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn Khashram say: Al-Muqriʾ used to swear, saying: “I will not relate reports to you until you write down some of Abū Ḥanīfa’s reports, may God be pleased with him.”

Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb related to us. He said: We were with al-Muqriʾ when he said: “Abū Ḥanīfa related to us.” Some of them said: “We do not want that.” He said: “Leave him aside. Al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit related to us.” They began writing it down. Al-Muqriʾ said: “Dead, not living!” He said: “People who do not know Abū Ḥanīfa’s name, his merit, or his preeminence say: ‘We do not want that.’ I vow to God that I will not relate reports to you for a month.”

The quoted phrase “Dead, not living” is Qurʾān 16:21.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn Yazīd al-Naysābūrī say: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-Muqriʾ say: I have never seen anyone with black hair more learned in jurisprudence than Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.

The literal reference to black hair is retained without adding an unstated restriction concerning age.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Maʿrūf ibn al-Ḥasan related to us, from Ḥarmala ibn Yazīd al-Ḍubaʿī, who said: I heard al-Muqriʾ say: I have never seen anyone with a black-haired head and locks more learned in jurisprudence than Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.

The literal reference to black hair and locks is retained without adding an unstated restriction concerning age.

Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Ḥanash ibn Ḥarb al-Baykandī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Sulaym related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād held the same view concerning faith.

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hishām related to us. He said: Ḥarb ibn al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Sulaym related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād and Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with them both, did not make an exception when professing faith, whereas Sufyān al-Thawrī did.

The source uses the technical expression “making an exception” concerning faith. No unprinted formula has been inserted.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Saʿd al-Kassī related to us. He said: I heard al-Fatḥ ibn ʿAmr say: I heard al-Luʾluʾī say: I arrived in Mecca and found Yaḥyā ibn Sulaym al-Ṭāʾifī sitting among a gathering, reading Ibn Jurayj’s book on the pilgrimage rites. He said: He would say, “ʿAṭāʾ said to me,” and “I asked ʿAṭāʾ.” He said: The shaykh was impressed by these questions and said: “Where is Abū Ḥanīfa in relation to these questions?” I said: “By God, now the occasion to speak has come.” I said to him: “May God have mercy on you! Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, has passed away, and I am one of his closest students. Will you permit me to speak?” He said to me: “Who are you?” I said: “I am al-Ḥasan ibn Ziyād al-Luʾluʾī.” He said: “I will not permit you—again, I will not permit you.” Had he permitted me, I would have made him a warning to everyone.

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUqba al-Asadī related to us. He said: Khallād ibn Yaḥyā related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, who said: Anyone who has intercourse with an animal is not subject to a prescribed punishment.

Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Sallām, the judge, related to us. He said: Jarmī ibn Mattūya related to us. He said: Khallād ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who both said: Al-Madāʾin and places like it, from Kufa—meaning, concerning shortening the prayer.

This is a compressed place-reference in the Arabic. The translation retains its abbreviated form without supplying a complete legal ruling.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Hilālī related to us. He said: Khallād ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Abū Bakr ibn Abī al-Jahm, who said: I saw Ibn ʿUmar, may God be pleased with them both, circumambulate the House after praying the dawn prayer. Then he left and did not pray the two units until the sun had risen.

Al-Ḥārith ibn Asad al-Asadābādhī related to us. He said: I heard Maʿrūf ibn al-Ḥasan say: I heard Khallād ibn Yaḥyā say: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, is the imam of the East and the West. Anyone who does not acknowledge his leadership has deprived himself of his due.

And al-Ḥārith ibn Asad related to us. He said: Maʿrūf ibn al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: Khallād ibn Yaḥyā related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: I have never seen anyone held in greater favor by ʿAṭāʾ than Ibn Jurayj. He used to ask many questions. Sometimes ʿAṭāʾ would shout at him, saying: “How much longer?” Ibn Jurayj would reply: “One can never have enough knowledge.”

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan al-Farghānī related to us. He said: Shujāʿ ibn Makhlad al-Baghdādī related to us. He said: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya al-Fazārī related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from Qatāda, from Abū Qilāba, from Abū Thaʿlaba: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prohibited eating any fanged beast of prey and any bird with talons.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al-Hamadhānī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sālim related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: We mentioned selling a cat in the presence of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Abī Rabāḥ, and he did not find fault with it.

The spelling الهمذاني is retained as al-Hamadhānī, without changing it to a different nisba.

Zayd ibn Yaḥyā, Abū Usāma, the jurist of Balkh, related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Mūsā related to us. He said: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, related to us. He said: I heard Abū Jaʿfar say: There is no one in Iraq like al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, and no one in the Hijaz more knowledgeable about the pilgrimage rites than ʿAṭāʾ. Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, said: I saw both al-Ḥasan and ʿAṭāʾ, but I sat with ʿAṭāʾ more than with al-Ḥasan. ʿAṭāʾ was as Abū Jaʿfar said, concerning the pilgrimage rites and other matters.

Jīhān ibn Khayb al-Farghānī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: I sat with Muslim ibn Khālid al-Zanjī. He had a circle in which legal questions were discussed, and Muḥammad ibn Muslim al-Ṭāʾifī was in the circle. Al-Nuʿmān, Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, was mentioned, and Muslim ibn Khālid spoke at length in praise of him, describing his qualities and knowledge. Muḥammad ibn Muslim al-Ṭāʾifī said to him: “Not all of that!” Muslim said: “Indeed, and more than that.” Muḥammad ibn Muslim fell silent, as though acknowledging his claim.

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Saʿdī related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us. He said: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya related to us, from Ḥanẓala ibn Abī Sufyān, who said: I told al-Nuʿmān to ask Ḥammād for me about the qunūt. He asked him, and he said: “Every qunūt is an innovation, except the qunūt of the witr prayer.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sahl al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Ṣāliḥ ibn Muḥammad, the teacher, related to us. He said: Dāwūd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: I said to Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī: “Tell me what ʿAlī, may God be pleased with him, said about ʿUmar, may God be pleased with him, when his bier was brought.” He said: “The person whose record I would most love to meet God with today is the one lying shrouded among you.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Nūḥ related to us. He said: Rajāʾ al-Sindī related to us. He said: I heard Ḥamza ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿUmayr say: Abū Ḥanīfa and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād, may God be pleased with them both, maintained ties with one another on the basis of irjāʾ.

The theological term irjāʾ is retained. The translation conveys the attributed statement without supplying an unstated doctrinal definition.

Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Isḥāq ibn Abī Isrāʾīl related to us. He said: Abū ʿUmāra Ḥamza ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿUmayr related to me. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa was diligent in worship, although he disagreed with us in our doctrine concerning faith.

Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Naṣr ibn ʿAlī al-Jahḍamī related to us. He said: al-Aṣmaʿī related to us. He said: ʿUmar ibn Qays said: I said to Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him: “Where did you obtain this jurisprudence?” He said to me: “I was in a source of knowledge and jurisprudence. I sat with its people and kept close to one of their jurists, called Ḥammād, and benefited from him.”

Muḥammad ibn Qudāma related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Sulaym al-Makkī related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maymūn related to us. He said: I saw Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, touch the Stone on every circuit.

I heard Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan say: I heard Khālid ibn Yazīd al-ʿUmarī in Mecca—I wrote down reports from him in the year 229—say: Abū Ḥanīfa, Abū Yūsuf, Zufar, Muḥammad, and Ḥammād ibn Abī Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with them, were the people most discerning in theological disputation. They argued and debated with people, overcoming those with whom they spoke. They are leaders in knowledge.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbda related to us. He said: Maʿrūf ibn Manṣūr related to us. He said: Abū Saʿīd al-Ṭāʾifī related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, passed a drunken man and stumbled against him. The drunken man reviled him. Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, stood at a distance from him and said: “May God grant me no relief when I say to someone like you: ‘You are truly a believer.’”

The printed prayer لا فرج الله عني is retained in the negative, rather than changed to a blessing or a different doctrinal statement.

Maḥmūd ibn Wālān al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Ḥāmid ibn Ādam related to us. He said: Salm ibn Sālim related to me. He said: I heard a man among the best people of Mecca say: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, spent nine nights with us, and I did not see him sleep during them.

Al-Faḍl ibn Bassām al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Khuzayma al-Balkhī, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-Tirmidhī, and al-Ḥasan al-Farghānī related to us. They said: Muḥammad ibn al-Fuḍayl ibn Sahl, the worshipper of Balkh, related to us. He said: I heard Abū Muṭīʿ al-Ḥakam ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Balkhī say: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, say: I visited Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad, and he said to me: “Abū Ḥanīfa! From whom did you obtain this knowledge?” I said: “From ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, and ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them all.” He said: “Excellent, excellent! You have secured your reliance on the good and blessed ones, may God be pleased with them all.”

The wording “from” is retained without supplying a claim of direct personal meetings with every named authority.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī, the hadith master, related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn Zanjīl related to us. He said: I heard Abū Muṭīʿ say: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, entered—a similar account.

The source abbreviates this report with نحوه (“a similar account”). The preceding narrative has not been copied into this entry.

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: ʿUbayd ibn Muslim related to us in Baghdad, from ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād, who said: We were sitting with Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad in the Ḥijr when Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, came and greeted him. Jaʿfar returned his greeting, embraced him, and asked after him, even asking about his servants. When he rose, one of Jaʿfar’s family said to him: “Descendant of the Messenger of God! I do not think you know the man.” He said: “I have never seen anyone more foolish than you! I ask him about his servants, and you say: ‘You do not know this man?’ This is Abū Ḥanīfa, one of the most learned jurists of his town.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd ibn Ḥammād related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq and Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥammād informed us—Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq’s account was the more complete of the two. They said: ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād informed us. He said: We were in the Ḥijr with Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad when Abū Ḥanīfa came. He greeted him, embraced him, and asked after him at length, even asking about his servants. When he rose, one of those with Jaʿfar said to him: “Descendant of the Messenger of God! I do not think you know this man.” Jaʿfar said: “I have never seen anyone more foolish than you! You see me asking him about his servants, and you say: ‘Do you know this man?’ This is Abū Ḥanīfa, one of the most learned jurists of his town.”

The source first says “I do not think you know this man,” then has the shorter “Do you know this?” in Jaʿfar’s reply. The two forms are not silently harmonized.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Taymulī related to us. He said: ʿAbbās ibn ʿĀmir related to us, from Fuḍayl ibn ʿUthmān, from Abū Sāsān, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh, who said: Abū Ḥanīfa asked him: “Abū ʿAbd Allāh! What about God’s words, mighty and exalted: ‘By God, our Lord, we were not associators’?” Abū ʿAbd Allāh said: “What do you say about them, Abū Ḥanīfa?” He said: “I say that they were not associators.” Abū ʿAbd Allāh said: “‘See how they have lied against themselves.’” He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, understood this and said: “What do you say, Abū ʿAbd Allāh?” He said: “I say that these are people of the qibla who associated others with God without knowing it.”

The quoted passages are Qurʾān 6:23–24. The translation retains the report’s attributed interpretation without adding a doctrinal judgment.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Muḥammadī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Khalaf related to us. He said: Muʿādh ibn Muslim al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh said to me: “I have heard that you give legal opinions.” I said: “I do.” He said: “On what basis do you give them?” He said: “A man who is loyal to you comes to me, and I tell him what you say. A man who is loyal to others comes to me, and I tell him what others say—Abū Ḥanīfa or someone else. A man whose school I do not know comes to me, and I tell him both what you say and what others say.” He said: “Muʿādh! That is what I do.”

Muḥammad ibn Naṣr ibn Sulaymān al-Harawī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn al-Mughīra al-Madīnī related to us. He said: Muṭarrif ibn ʿAbd Allāh related to us. He said: Mālik ibn Anas was asked: “What did you think of Abū Ḥanīfa?” He said: “I saw him speaking with Rabīʿa and bringing him around to his own view more than once. I saw that, were he to say of a wooden pillar, ‘This is gold,’ he would support it with arguments that would make you imagine it was gold.”

ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim al-Marwazī related to us. He said: al-Naḍr ibn Muḥammad al-Sayyārī related to us. He said: I heard Bishr ibn Yaḥyā say: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mughīra say: I heard al-Wāqidī say: I said to Mālik ibn Anas: “Who was the most learned in jurisprudence of the people from Iraq who came to you?” He said: “Who came to us from Iraq?” He said: “Ibn Abī Laylā, Ibn Shubruma, Sufyān al-Thawrī, and Abū Ḥanīfa came to you.” Mālik said: “You mentioned Abū Ḥanīfa last among them. I saw him speaking with one of our jurists until he brought him around to his own view three times.” And he said: “This too is mistaken.”

The final “he said” has no explicit subject. The translation does not assign it to a named speaker.

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan al-Farghānī related to us. He said: Bishr ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan say: I heard Abū Yūsuf, may God have mercy on them both, say: When Rabīʿa ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān came to Kufa, I prepared a question for him on which Abū Ḥanīfa and Ibn Abī Laylā differed. I said to myself: “I will ask him. If he answers according to Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him, I will debate him according to Ibn Abī Laylā’s school. If he answers according to Ibn Abī Laylā’s view, may God have mercy on him, I will debate him according to Abū Ḥanīfa’s school, may God have mercy on him.” I wanted him to be asked in Abū Ḥanīfa’s presence, may God have mercy on him, so I waited for an occasion when the two met. I asked Rabīʿa: “What do you say about an enslaved man jointly owned by two people, when one of them frees his share and is well-off?” He said: “No part of the enslaved man becomes free.” He answered neither according to Abū Ḥanīfa’s view nor according to Ibn Abī Laylā’s, and what I had prepared fell apart. Abū Ḥanīfa realized this and began to smile. I said to Rabīʿa: “Why does the enslaved man not become free?” He said: “Because it harms his partner. The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: ‘There is neither harm nor reciprocal harm in Islam.’” Abū Ḥanīfa said to him: “If it is as you say, the harm falls on the person freeing him, rather than his partner.” He said: “How?” He said: “Because his partner can seek compensation from him for what leaves his ownership, while the person freeing him is prevented from freeing his slave and disposing of his property. The harm to him is greater than that to his partner.” Rabīʿa was unable to reply and fell silent.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Idrīs said: I asked al-Darāwardī—meaning ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad—“Did anyone in Medina say that the bridal payment must not be less than a quarter of a dinar?” He said: “No, by God, we know of no one who said it before Mālik ibn Anas. I think he took it from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him.”

The opening connective وقد is rendered in context without supplying an omitted preceding statement.

Sahl ibn Khalaf ibn Wardān al-Qaṭṭān related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā ibn Yazīd related to us. He said: I heard Abū Yaʿqūb al-Buwayṭī say: I heard al-Shāfiʿī, may God have mercy on him, say: I asked al-Darāwardī: “Did any of the people of Medina say that marriage is not valid for less than three dirhams, because it is one of the prescribed limits and amputation is one of the prescribed limits?” Al-Darāwardī said: “I do not know of any of the people of Medina who said it. I think Mālik took it only by analogy with Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him, for Abū Ḥanīfa said: ‘Amputation applies at ten dirhams, and marriage is not valid for less than ten dirhams, because it is one of the prescribed limits.’ Mālik adopted this view in that sense.”

The argument’s use of ḥadd for a prescribed limit and for amputation is retained without supplying additional legal conditions.

I heard Abū Sulaymān Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr al-Balkhī say: I heard Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām say: Al-Shāfiʿī, may God have mercy on him, used to say that if a woman married without her guardian’s permission, and the guardian subsequently learned of it and approved, it would not be valid. Abū ʿUbayd said: Mālik used to hold Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him: it is valid if the guardian approves.

Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā al-Hamdānī al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿĪsā ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hayyāj, Abū al-Hayyāj, related to us. He said: ʿUmayr ibn ʿAmmār related to me. He said: I heard Ziyād say: I went to Medina and often sat with Mālik ibn Anas. He would mention the Kufans, make indirect remarks about them, and mention Abū Ḥanīfa. Sometimes I joined them in discussing jurisprudence, and he would be friendly toward me and give me his attention. One day he mentioned a question, and I said: “What do you think?” He frowned, turned his face away from me, and said: “You will surely recognize them by the tone of their speech.” I approached him again and found him turning away from me, so I stopped sitting with him.

The quotation is Qurʾān 47:30. The brief question أرأيت is retained without supplying an unstated hypothetical case.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn al-Azhar informed us. He said: Ḥabīb, Mālik’s scribe, related to me. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa came to Medina and Mālik debated with him. When he rose, I heard Mālik say: “How forbearing he is!”

Al-Faḍl ibn Bassām related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq related to us. He said: Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad al-Farawī related to us. He said: Mālik sometimes took Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him, into consideration on legal questions.

Dāwūd ibn Tasnīm, Abū Ḥātim, related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḥabīb related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa came to Medina. He spoke with none of our jurists without leaving him unable to reply, although he spoke gently with Mālik ibn Anas.

Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Salmān al-Marwazī, Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām, and Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr—the latter two of Bukhara—related to us. They said: We heard Abū ʿIṣma Saʿd ibn Muʿādh say: I heard ʿUmar ibn Ḥammād ibn Abī Ḥanīfa say: I met Mālik ibn Anas, stayed with him, and listened to his teaching. When I had fulfilled my purpose—or satisfied my desire—and wished to leave him, I said: “I fear that hostile and envious people may have described Abū Ḥanīfa to you as other than he was. I want to describe to you what he actually held. If you approve, that is well; if you have something better or different, I shall learn it.” He said to me: “Go ahead.” I said: “He did not declare any believer an unbeliever because of a sin.” He said to me: “He did well”—or “He was right.” I said: “He said more than that. He would say: ‘Even if he commits grave indecencies, I do not declare him an unbeliever.’” He said: “He was right”—or “He did well.” I said: “He said more than this.” He said: “What was it?” I said: “He would say: ‘Even if he deliberately kills a man, I do not declare him an unbeliever.’” He said: “He was right”—or “He did well.” I said to him: “That was his view. Do not believe anyone who tells you that his view was otherwise.” He said to me: “I have heard that he used to say: ‘My faith is like Gabriel’s faith, peace be upon him.’” I said: “What reached you is false. Rather, he used to say: ‘God Most High sent Gabriel to the Prophet—blessings be upon them both and upon all the angels, prophets, and messengers—and commanded him to call people to faith, just as He had sent him to the nations before him. Faith is one faith. I do not say that there are two faiths or three, or that this person’s faith is different from that person’s, or this person’s Qurʾān is different from that person’s.’ That was his view.” Mālik smiled as though pleased with it and said nothing. I said to him: “He also rejected doubt and considered it mistaken.” He said: “What doubt?” I said: “Among us are people who do not say, ‘We are believers,’ without making an exception, or one of them says: ‘I do not know whether I am a believer or not.’” He disapproved of this and said: “Who says this?!”

The narrator’s alternatives (“or”) and the distinction between the reported accusation and the reply are retained. “Making an exception” is not expanded into an unstated formula.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Marwān informed us by reading. He said: Abū Ṭāhir related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar related to me, from Ibn Isḥāq, who said: al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit related to me, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Jadalī, from Khuzayma ibn Thābit, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, made Khuzayma’s testimony equivalent to the testimony of two men.

The transmission mode قراءة (“by reading”) is retained without supplying who performed the reading.

Yaḥyā ibn Ismāʿīl al-Hamdānī related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān related to me. He said: I heard Yūnus ibn Bukayr say: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq came to Kufa, and we listened to his accounts of the military expeditions. From time to time he visited Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, stayed with him at length, and discussed questions that arose for him.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: My father related to us, from Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ, from Sufyān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, from ʿAbd Allāh, who said: Khārija said: ʿUbayd Allāh spoke to Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, about nabīdh. Abū Ḥanīfa said: “We took it from your father.” He said: “What was it?” He said: “If anything makes you doubtful, dilute it with water.”

Nabīdh is retained as the source’s beverage term; no unstated strength or legal qualification is supplied.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbda related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Sallām al-Jumaḥī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Ḥāzim and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad used to debate. They mentioned the views of al-Qāsim, Sālim, Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr, and other Successors and those who followed them. They also mentioned Mālik ibn Anas’s view, may God have mercy on him. Often, during these discussions, they brought up Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God be pleased with him, approved of it, and adopted it.

Al-Ḥasan al-Farghānī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Fuḍayl related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn [Abī] Fudayk say: I saw Mālik ibn Anas holding Abū Ḥanīfa’s hand, may God have mercy on them both, as they walked. When they reached the mosque, he let Abū Ḥanīfa go first. I heard Abū Ḥanīfa say as he entered the Messenger’s mosque: “In the name of God. This is a place of safety, so grant me safety from Your punishment and save me from the Fire.”

The editorial insertion [أبي] is retained as [Abī].

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Ḥayyān related to us. He said: Isḥāq ibn Buhlūl related to us. He said: I heard Abū Ḍamra speak well of Abū Ḥanīfa and say: “What is remarkable about him is how he finds the opportunity for worship despite all his occupations.”

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Jamīl ibn Ṣubayḥ related to us in Balkh, from Shabāba ibn Sawwār, from Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿd, who said: I passed Abū Ḥanīfa sitting in the sun, with shade nearby. I said to him: “What keeps you from the shade?” He said: “The owner of this house owes me money, and I dislike benefiting from its shade.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bazzār al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad related to me at al-Wāshjird, from Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Khuzāʿī, who said: Shabāba ibn Sawwār related to us, from Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿd, who said: I passed Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, in Kufa, sitting in the sun. I said to him: “What keeps you from the shade?” He said: “The owner of this house owes me money, and I dislike sitting in its shade.”

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿUbayd ibn Ḥamdūn related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn Ṭarīf ibn Nāṣiḥ related to us. He said: My father related to me, from Muḥammad ibn Zayd ibn ʿAlī: Abū Ḥanīfa sent money to Zayd ibn ʿAlī and said: “Use this to help you in your war and the situation you are in, and use it to help the needy among your companions.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd al-Aṣbahānī related to me. He said: I found in the book of my grandfather, Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd: He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn informed us. He said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa ask Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad: “How many wives may an enslaved man marry?” He said: “Two.” He said: “Then what is his prescribed punishment?” He said: “Half the prescribed punishment of a free man.”

Abū ʿAlī ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī, the hadith master, related to us. He said: Yaʿqūb ibn Ḥumayd related to us. He said: Ḥātim ibn Ismāʿīl related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, related to us, from Yaʿlā ibn ʿAṭāʾ, from ʿUmāra ibn Ḥadīd, from Ṣakhr al-Ghāmidī, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: O God, bless my community in its early mornings.

ʿAbd Allāh said: Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā wrote to me. He said: Muḥammad ibn Abī Manṣūr related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik related to us. He said: Ḥātim ibn Ismāʿīl related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from Qays ibn Muslim, from Ṭāriq ibn Shihāb, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: God Most High has sent down no disease without sending down a remedy for it, except death and old age. Take cow’s milk, for it is mixed from every kind of tree.

The final phrase تُخلط من كل الشجر is rendered close to its wording: “mixed from every kind of tree.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Hamadhānī related to us. He said: ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ al-Marwazī related to me. He said: Yaʿqūb ibn Ḥumayd related to us. He said: Ḥātim ibn Ismāʿīl related to us. He said: al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit, may God be pleased with him, related to us, from Qays ibn Muslim, from Ṭāriq ibn Shihāb, from ʿAbd Allāh, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The best of pilgrimage is proclaiming the invocation aloud and pouring out sacrificial blood.

Al-ʿajj and al-thajj refer here to the raised pilgrimage invocation and the shedding of sacrificial blood.

Aḥmad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Ziyād al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbād al-Makkī related to us. He said: Ḥātim ibn Ismāʿīl related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them both, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whenever I reached the Yemeni Corner, I saw Gabriel there, peace be upon him.

Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sallām, Abū Naṣr the jurist, related to us. He said: Naṣr ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: I heard Khalaf ibn Ayyūb say: I heard ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Salama al-Mājishūn say: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, came to Medina. We discussed his legal questions with him, and he put forward sound arguments. He cannot be blamed for that, for we have all spoken on the basis of opinion and argued on that basis.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ al-Balkhī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Ḥabīb related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, related to us, from Ḥammād, from Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, from Ḥudhayfa, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The pen is lifted from three: from the sleeper until he wakes, from the person who has lost his reason until he recovers, and from the child until he reaches puberty.

Muḥammad ibn Qudāma related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Ḥabīb related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, related to us, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm: He said: There is no harm in a moist tooth-stick for someone who is fasting.

Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Naṣr ibn al-Ḥusayn related to me. He said: Sulaymān ibn ʿAbbād, judge of the people of Basra, related to us that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq said: Kufa belonged to Mūsā ibn Abī Kathīr. When Mūsā left for Mecca, Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, succeeded him.

The expression “Kufa belonged to” is retained without supplying an unstated office or appointment.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad informed us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Zuhayr related to us. He said: Muṣʿab ibn ʿAbd Allāh related to me. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, a descendant of al-ʿĀṣ ibn Hishām ibn al-Mughīra, related to me. He said: I sat with Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, and he began speaking. I listened to him for a while, then left him. He said: I do not know whether I should leave this matter or not. It is merely speech that he attributes to no one and in which he cites no one as authority.

The final speaker transition and question are retained without assigning an unstated subject.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Harawī related to us. He said: Mūsā ibn Abī al-Ḥajjāj al-Fāryābī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Wāqidī related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from Abū Ṣakhra, from Ziyād ibn Ḥudayr: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may God be pleased with him, sent him as a tax collector to ʿAyn al-Tamr. He instructed him to take one quarter of a tenth of the Muslims’ property, half a tenth of the property of the protected non-Muslims, and a tenth of the property of the people of the territory of war.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Shujāʿ related to us. He said: I heard al-Wāqidī say: Sufyān al-Thawrī used to say: ‘Bring me Abū Ḥanīfa’s books.’ I would carry them to him, and he would examine them.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: I heard my father say: I heard Abū Ḥafṣ say: Al-Wāqidī, Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar, used to visit Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan and read the Book of Military Expeditions to Muḥammad. Muḥammad would read the Small Compendium to him.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Sharqī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf related to us. He said: I heard ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz say: Abū Ḥanīfa was asked about anal intercourse with women and prohibited it. I do not know on what basis he prohibited it.

Qabīṣa ibn al-Faḍl ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṭabarī related to us. He said: Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā al-Naysābūrī related to us; and Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā wrote to me. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Khālid al-Rāzī related to me. He said: Razīn ibn Najīḥ, Abū Thābit al-Baṣrī, related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Mahdī related to us. He said: Abū al-Jawwāb al-Aḥwaṣ ibn Jawwāb related to us. He said: Sufyān al-Thawrī related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from Nāfiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar, may God be pleased with them both: He was asked how women prayed in the time of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him. He said: They used to sit cross-legged, then were instructed to draw themselves together.

This is the second occurrence of the printed number 152. Both oral and written transmission formulas are retained.

Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sallām related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn Salama say: I heard Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī say: The people of Medina took this ruling from the people of Kufa—meaning, concerning two parties to a sale who disagree while the commodity remains intact. Mālik ibn Anas applied this report to a husband and wife who disagreed about the bridal payment.

Qabīṣa related to us, [from] Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā; and Zakariyyā wrote to me. He said: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ziyād al-Baghdādī wrote. He said: Muḥammad ibn Khulayd al-Baṣrī related to us. He said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Ṣakhr ibn ʿUthmān related to us, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from al-Haytham, from Anas ibn Mālik; and Rabīʿa ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from Anas ibn Mālik; and ʿUthmān ibn Zāʾida, from al-Zubayr ibn ʿAdī, from ʿAlī, may God be pleased with him: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, died at the age of sixty-three; Abū Bakr died at the age of sixty-three; and ʿUmar died at the age of sixty-three.

This is the second occurrence of 153. The chain’s conjunctions and printed bracket are retained without inserting missing transmission links.

ʿAbd Allāh said: Ṣāliḥ ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Rumayḥ wrote to me. He said: Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Muḥriz related to us. He said: Saʿīd ibn ʿAmr related to us, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit, from Ṭalḥa ibn Muṣarrif, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwsaja, from al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: ‘God and His angels send blessings upon the first row.’

Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Bukayr ibn Māhān al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us. He said: [And] Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ al-Balkhī informed us. He said: Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Bukayr al-ʿAṭṭār al-Baghdādī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us. He said: Sufyān informed us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both: He was asked about a woman who turns away from Islam. He said: She is imprisoned, not killed.

The two printed transmission paths and bracketed conjunction are retained.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ and Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn ʿUthmān al-Simsār al-Bukhārī related to us. They said: [Related to us:] Dāwūd ibn Ḥammād ibn Farāfiṣa al-Balkhī, from Wakīʿ, from Sufyān, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both: A similar report.

The Arabic supplies only مثله, not the preceding report’s full wording. The bracket applies to the supplied transmission formula, not the transmitter’s entire name.

Muḥammad ibn Khuzayma and more than one other person related to us. They said: Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl related to us. He said: Abū Muṭīʿ related to us, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, who said: Concerning a woman who turns away: she is imprisoned, not killed.

Al-Faḍl ibn Bassām al-Bukhārī, ʿAlī ibn al-Farazdaq al-Marwazī, and ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Kassī related to us. They said: al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, concerning a woman who turns away: He said: She is kept alive. Al-ʿAbbās said: I was sitting before Abū ʿĀṣim. When he related Sufyān’s report, I wrote it down. Then he related Abū Ḥanīfa’s report, and I held back my hand. He saw me and said: ‘Write.’ I said: ‘I have written Sufyān’s report.’ He said to me: ‘Madman!’—or ‘Fool!’—‘Write. We used to think that Sufyān had concealed Abū Ḥanīfa in his chain.’

The technical allegation of tadlīs is rendered as concealment in the chain, without adding an authenticity judgment.

Al-Faḍl ibn Bassām related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn ʿĀṣim related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us. He said: Sufyān informed us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, who said: Anyone who has intercourse with an animal is not subject to a prescribed punishment.

Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us. He said: Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdawayh related to us, from ʿAbd al-Razzāq, from al-Thawrī, from al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit, may God be pleased with him, from ʿUthmān ibn Rāshid, from ʿĀʾisha bint ʿAjrad, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both: He said in the report: ‘If he forgets to rinse his mouth and draw water into his nose,’ he repeats the prayer.

The report’s abbreviated parenthetical wording is retained without reconstructing an omitted context.

Sahl ibn Khalaf ibn Wardān al-Qaṭṭān al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Abū Saʿīd al-Haytham related to us in Samarkand. He said: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Ḥassān related to us. He said: I was with Sufyān al-Thawrī when a man came and mentioned Abū Ḥanīfa to him. Al-Thawrī said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa has been given skill in argument.’ The man said: ‘Sufyān! If you sat with him, you would know that you have never sat with anyone like him.’ They later met in the mosque of Kufa. When they parted, Sufyān said: ‘I do not think anyone among the Muslims could sit with this man without yielding to his jurisprudence, scrupulousness, and insight’—meaning Abū Ḥanīfa—‘and the time I spent with him increased my illumination and insight.’ Thereafter, when his case was mentioned in his presence, he would speak well of him and would not allow anyone to speak against him.

Abū Ḥamza Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn Yūsuf al-Nasawī related to us. He said: al-Faḍl ibn Jaʿfar, Abū Sahl, related to us. He said: Abū ʿĀṣim was asked: ‘Which of the two men is more learned in jurisprudence in your view, Abū Ḥanīfa or Sufyān?’ Abū ʿĀṣim said to the questioner: ‘You did not meet them?’ He said: ‘No.’ He said: ‘Ignorant man! Abū Ḥanīfa’s youngest pupil is more learned in jurisprudence than Sufyān.’

Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥārith al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: Abū al-Ḥusayn al-Rāzī related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn Abī Sahl al-Rāzī say: Yazīd ibn Hārūn was asked which was more learned in jurisprudence, Abū Ḥanīfa or al-Thawrī. He said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa.’

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ related to us. He said: I heard al-Ziyādī say: I heard al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn say: We were with Zufar ibn al-Hudhayl when a man came and said: ‘I heard al-Thawrī say that the shortest interval between two menstrual periods is fifteen.’ Zufar said: ‘Did he say that?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘That was not his view. Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him, was conveyed to him, and he adopted it.’

The Arabic gives the number fifteen without an explicit unit; the translation does not insert one.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ related to us. He said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh related to us. He said: I heard al-Wāqidī say: Sufyān used to say: ‘Bring me Abū Ḥanīfa’s books, may God have mercy on him.’ I would carry them to him, and he would examine them.

ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Abū Bakr al-Sayyārī al-Baṣrī related to us. He said: al-Naḍr ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: I heard Sufyān ibn Wakīʿ say: I heard ʿAlī ibn Mushir say: Sufyān came to me near the time of the night prayer and borrowed one of Abū Ḥanīfa’s books from me to examine.

ʿAlī ibn Maḥmūd ibn Khalīl al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: I heard ʿĀṣim ibn ʿIṣām al-Bayhaqī relate from Yaḥyā ibn Naṣr ibn Ḥājib, who said: ʿAlī ibn Mushir informed me. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, left this world angry with me. I said: ‘Why?’ He said: ‘I used to sit with Abū Ḥanīfa in the mornings and with Sufyān in the evenings. Sufyān would ask me: “What did the shaykh say today?” I would say: “He said such-and-such, and we said such-and-such.” Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, would say to me: “Why do you go to a man who takes your merchandise and does not thank you for it?!”’

Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Sulaymān and ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim, both of Marw, and others related to us. They said: We heard Abū ʿIṣma Saʿd ibn Muʿādh say: I heard Abū Wahb say: I said to my brother Sahl ibn Muzāḥim: ‘Is Sufyān more learned in jurisprudence, or Abū Ḥanīfa?’ He said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa.’ I said: ‘Is Sufyān more learned, or Abū Yūsuf?’ He said: ‘Abū Yūsuf.’ I said: ‘Is Sufyān more learned, or Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan?’ He said: ‘Leave this; it has become unseemly.’ Abū ʿĀṣim said: I asked Abū ʿIṣma: ‘Which was more learned in jurisprudence?’ He said: ‘Sufyān was more knowledgeable in hadith, while books and jurisprudence emerged from Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan that did not emerge from Sufyān.’

ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim related to us. He said: al-Naḍr ibn Muḥammad al-Sayyārī related to us. He said: I heard Sufyān ibn Wakīʿ say: I heard my father say: I passed through the mosque of Kufa. Abū Yūsuf called me over and asked me about a question concerning pledges. We stayed with him until we had mastered it. I said: ‘I shall go to Sufyān and ask him about it.’ I went and asked him, and he went through it like an arrow. Later I learned that he examined Abū Ḥanīfa’s books, may God have mercy on him.

Al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbbād related to us, from Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rizma, who said: I heard Abū Wahb say: I heard Zufar say: Sufyān and Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on them both, were mentioned in his presence. Zufar said: ‘Sufyān was not one of Abū Ḥanīfa’s men.’

Muḥammad ibn Rumayḥ al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Balkhī related to us. He said: I heard Shaddād ibn Ḥakīm being asked about Abū Ḥanīfa and Sufyān. He said: If they are equal in entering Paradise, Abū Ḥanīfa is higher than Sufyān in our view because of the knowledge he set down for people.

Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sallām, Abū Naṣr the jurist, related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn al-Fuḍayl say: I heard Abū Muṭīʿ say: I have never seen anyone among the people of hadith more learned in jurisprudence than Sufyān al-Thawrī. Abū Ḥanīfa was more learned in jurisprudence than him.

Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. He said: Saʿd ibn Muʿādh related to us. He said: Abū ʿĀṣim al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Makhlad related to us. He said: Sufyān related to us, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, concerning a woman who turns away from Islam: He said: She is imprisoned, not killed. Saʿd ibn Muʿādh said: Abū ʿĀṣim said: ‘The report belongs to Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him.’

Abū ʿUbayda Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Surayj related to us. He said: Rajāʾ ibn al-Murajjā related to us, from Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, from ʿAbd al-Razzāq, who said: Sufyān al-Thawrī related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa related to us, from ʿĀṣim, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both. He said: And Muḥammad ibn Ḥamdān al-Dāmghānī related to us. He said: ʿAmmār ibn Rajāʾ related to us. He said: Yazīd ibn Hārūn related to us. He said: Sufyān al-Thawrī informed us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa related to us, from ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al-Najūd, from Abū Razīn, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, who said: When a woman turns away, she is imprisoned, not killed.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn Ḥayyān related to us. He said: I heard Sufyān ibn Wakīʿ say: My father said: I passed Abū Yūsuf’s gathering. He gestured toward me with a pebble like this, and I sat with him. I asked him questions concerning proof, and he began discussing them. When the questions were finished, I went to Sufyān al-Thawrī. He said to me: ‘Ruʾāsī! What do you have?’ I asked him those questions, and he answered them as though he had been with us.

The printed البرهان is rendered “proof,” without silently replacing it with الرهن as in a related report.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Saʿd al-Hamadhānī al-Bazzāz related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl ibn Quraysh al-Kūfī related to us. He said: I heard Yaḥyā ibn Ādam say: Sufyān al-Thawrī used to examine the discourse of Abū Ḥanīfa and his companions, may God have mercy on them.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Zuhayr ibn Ḥarb related to us. He said: Ibn Abī Rizma related to us. He said: My father informed me. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak said: One day Sufyān disputed with some of Abū Ḥanīfa’s companions, may God have mercy on them. I think he said: He kept telling him he was mistaken and saying: ‘This is your master’s view.’

The narrator’s uncertainty (“I think he said”) and the unassigned pronouns are retained.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn Ḥayyān related to us. He said: Abū Hishām related to us. He said: Wakīʿ said: Sufyān would sometimes say: ‘One of our trusted companions related to us’—meaning Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him. He was eager to ask about the questions of those people—meaning Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him.

Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Sallām related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sallām related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: I heard Abū Muʿāwiya say: Our shaykhs used to give legal opinions with apprehension. When their opinion agreed with Abū Ḥanīfa’s, may God have mercy on him, they were pleased. I said: ‘Who were they?’ He said: ‘Among them was Sufyān al-Thawrī.’

My father, may God be pleased with him, related to us. He said: Asbāṭ ibn al-Yasaʿ related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Ḥamdawayh al-Marwazī informed me. He said: Sufyān al-Thawrī used to visit Abū Ḥanīfa. Estrangement arose between them, and he stopped attending. Then he returned and sat before him with his head covered. Abū Ḥanīfa was asked a question and answered it quickly. The questioner said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa! Will you not consider it?’ He said: ‘I am as certain that it is as I answered as I am certain that this is Sufyān al-Thawrī.’ Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, took hold of his covering and shook it. He wanted people to know that it was Sufyān al-Thawrī and that he was with him.

My father and Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sahl related to us. They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ related to us. He said: I heard Ḥāmid ibn Ādam say: I heard that Abū Ḥanīfa’s companions used to come to Sufyān and debate with him. Sufyān studied their wording and answered them along the lines of what he had heard from them. They told Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him. He said: ‘Do you not realize, you poor fellows, that he is a clever man who takes from you? Put the question to him and remain silent until he answers.’ They went to him, put questions to him, and remained silent. Sometimes he was right and sometimes he was wrong, which distressed him. [Abū Ḥanīfa] used to sit after the night prayer, and some companions would come and debate. Sufyān covered himself with his cloak and went to them as though disguised. He lay down at the side of the mosque, listening without their noticing him. When Abū Ḥanīfa’s companions, may God have mercy on him and them, came to debate with him, he answered well, as though he had been with them. They told Abū Ḥanīfa, who said: ‘Is someone here with us conveying what we say to him?’ They said: ‘No.’ Later Abū Ḥanīfa realized what was happening. Sufyān entered and lay at the side of the mosque, covered with his cloak but with his ears exposed to listen. Abū Ḥanīfa noticed him, mentioned a report, and said: ‘Saʿīd ibn Masrūq al-Thawrī, the father of this covered man, related to me.’ When Sufyān realized he had been noticed, he got up and left. Ḥāmid ibn Ādam said: I mentioned this to Yaʿlā ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṭanāfisī. He laughed and said: ‘This is well known among us.’ I mentioned it to Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd, but he said nothing, neither affirming nor denying it. He was distressed that day, so I do not know whether he failed to answer because of his distress or for some other reason.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ related to us. He said: Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq ibn Isrāʾīl related to us. He said: ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shayba related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Mushir related to us. He said: The reason for hearing Rāfiʿ ibn Khadīj’s report, ‘A camel broke loose,’ from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, was that Sufyān used to visit him secretly, thinking he did not notice. A question of this kind arose, and Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, said: ‘The father of this covered man, Saʿīd ibn Masrūq al-Thawrī, related to me.’ When Sufyān knew that Abū Ḥanīfa was aware of his visits, he stopped attending. After that he used to say to me: ‘Bring me his books,’ and he would examine them.

Al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbbād al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: I heard al-Ḥimmānī relate from ʿAlī ibn Mushir, who said: I was present with Sufyān al-Thawrī when a man asked him about water used for ablution or bathing: could it be used again for ablution or bathing? He said: ‘Yes.’ I said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa says it may not be used for ablution.’ Wakīʿ said: I said: ‘Because he says that this water became used water when ablution was performed with it.’ He said nothing. Later he was asked the very same question and said: ‘Ablution may not be performed with this water.’ He was asked: ‘Why?’ He said: ‘Because it is used water.’

The printed change to Wakīʿ as speaker is retained without harmonizing it with the opening narrator.

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Abū Isḥāq al-Ṭālaqānī related to us. He said: al-Ḥusayn ibn Wāqid said: A legal question arose for me in Marw, and I found no one who knew it. I went to Sufyān al-Thawrī and asked him [about it]. He lowered his head for a while, then said: ‘Ḥusayn, I do not know it.’ I said: ‘You say you do not know it, although you are an imam?’ He said: ‘I say what Ibn ʿUmar said when asked about something: “I do not know.”’ I went to Abū Ḥanīfa and asked him. He gave me an opinion. I asked him for the evidence, and he supplied it. I went to Sufyān and said: ‘I asked Abū Ḥanīfa; he gave me an opinion, and when I asked for the evidence he supplied it.’ He said: ‘What did he say?’ I said: ‘He said such-and-such.’ Sufyān considered it for a while, then said: ‘Ḥusayn, it is as Abū Ḥanīfa said.’ I said: ‘Yesterday you said you did not know it, and today you say it is as Abū Ḥanīfa said?!’ He was silent for a while, then said: ‘Ḥusayn! There are many like us in Abū Ḥanīfa’s drawstring.’

The final figurative reference to his drawstring is retained rather than replaced with an unstated comparison.

Zayd ibn Yaḥyā, Abū Usāma, related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Mūsā related to us. He said: I heard Abū Saʿd al-Ṣaghānī say: I used to visit Abū Ḥanīfa and sometimes al-Thawrī. When I came to Sufyān, he would ask: ‘Where were you?’ I would say: ‘With Abū Ḥanīfa.’ He would say: ‘You were with a man filled with knowledge and jurisprudence.’ When I was with al-Thawrī and then came to Abū Ḥanīfa, he would ask: ‘Where were you?’ I would say: ‘With al-Thawrī.’ He would say: ‘You were with a man whom al-Aswad and ʿAlqama would need, if they were alive.’

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bazzār related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad related to us at al-Wāshjird. He said: Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣaghānī related to us. He said: Abū ʿĀṣim said to me: ‘Abū ʿAlī! Do you know how the enmity between Abū Ḥanīfa and Sufyān arose?’ I said: ‘No.’ He said: ‘Sufyān was asked something and answered. It was mentioned to Abū Ḥanīfa, who was asked about it and gave a different opinion. He was told: “Sufyān al-Thawrī disagrees with you.” He said: “What has that boy to do with something like this?” This reached Sufyān, and enmity arose between them.’

Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥārith al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm say: Muḥammad ibn Muqātil was asked which was better, Abū Ḥanīfa or Sufyān. He said: ‘Someone who was tested and endured is not like someone who was tested and fled.’

Muḥammad ibn Yazīd related to us. He said: al-Musay ibn Isḥāq related to us. He said: Muʿādh ibn Khālid related to us. He said: I heard Ibn al-Mubārak say: God chose well for me when I began with Abū Ḥanīfa before Sufyān and wrote down his books. Had it not been so, it would have been an unending regret.

The printed short name المُسَي is transliterated without silently expanding it to a different name.

Abū Ṣāliḥ Shādil ibn ʿAlī al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: I heard Wahb ibn Zamʿa relate from ʿAlī, from ʿAbd Allāh, who said: I did not turn to Sufyān until I had gathered Abū Ḥanīfa’s knowledge in my palm. He drew his fingers together like this.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Shayba ibn Hishām and Isḥāq ibn ʿAbd Allāh related to us, from ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh say: I did not start visiting Sufyān until I had gathered Abū Ḥanīfa’s knowledge in my palm. He closed his fingers.

Abū ʿAmr Qays ibn Anīf al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rizma relate from his father, who said: I heard Ibn al-Mubārak say: I did not begin visiting Sufyān until I had gathered Abū Ḥanīfa’s knowledge, may God have mercy on him.

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: I heard Bishr ibn Yaḥyā say: I heard Ibn al-Mubārak say: I did not occupy myself with Sufyān al-Thawrī until I had heard Abū Ḥanīfa’s books: his transmitted reports and legal questions.

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: I heard Bishr ibn Yaḥyā say: I heard Ibn al-Mubārak say: Had I missed Abū Ḥanīfa, I would have been like everyone else.

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: I heard Bishr ibn Yaḥyā say: I heard Ibn al-Mubārak say: Sufyān is Sufyān. But when Abū Ḥanīfa comes, he is something else. God came to my aid through him; God came to my aid through him.

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: I heard Bishr ibn Yaḥyā say: I was with Ibn al-Mubārak when a man came and said: ‘Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān! I want to go to Iraq.’ He said: ‘What will you do in Iraq? If you want pure, explained knowledge, there is Abū Ḥanīfa. If you want what your companions and those who differ want, there is Sufyān ibn Saʿīd al-Thawrī.’

The phrase المختلفون is rendered “those who differ” without identifying an unstated group.

I heard al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAzīz al-Qaṭṭān al-Marwazī say: I heard Bishr ibn Yaḥyā say: I said to ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak: ‘You included Abū Ḥanīfa’s and Sufyān’s views in your books, but not Mālik’s and al-Awzāʿī’s?’ He said: ‘Because I did not consider them scholars.’

Jīhān ibn Abī al-Ḥasan related to us. He said: Ḥibbān ibn Mūsā related to us. He said: I heard Ibn al-Mubārak say: If Abū Ḥanīfa and Sufyān held one view, and the scholars of this age held another, I would adopt Abū Ḥanīfa’s and Sufyān’s view.

Muḥammad ibn Khuzayma al-Balkhī related to us. He said: I heard Zakariyyā al-Ṭawīl say: I heard Jārūd ibn Muʿādh say: Ibn al-Mubārak was told: ‘Sufyān speaks on the basis of opinion?’ He said: ‘Yes, and he does it well.’ I said: ‘How was his opinion compared with Abū Ḥanīfa’s?’ He said: ‘Compared with Abū Ḥanīfa’s opinion, his was only a little thing.’

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf related to us. He said: Abū Bakr al-Aʿyan related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn Mushir say: Al-Aʿmash left for pilgrimage. The people of Kufa accompanied him on his departure, and I was among them. When he reached al-Qādisiyya, they saw that he was troubled and asked him about it. He said: ‘Did ʿAlī ibn Mushir accompany us?’ They said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Call him to me.’ They called me. He knew me through my sitting with Abū Ḥanīfa. He said: ‘Return to the city and ask Abū Ḥanīfa to write down the pilgrimage rites for me.’ I returned and asked him, and he dictated them to me. Then I brought them to al-Aʿmash.

Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Sallām related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sallām related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: I heard Abū Muʿāwiya say: Our shaykhs used to give legal opinions with apprehension. When their opinion agreed with Abū Ḥanīfa’s, they were pleased. I said: ‘Who were they?’ He said: ‘Among them was al-Aʿmash.’

Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥārith al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayda related to me. He said: Abū Ibrāhīm Ismāʿīl ibn Yaḥyā al-Muzanī related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Maʿbad related to us, from ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿUmar, from al-Aʿmash: He said: ‘Nuʿmān! What do you say about such-and-such?’ He said: ‘Such-and-such.’ He said: ‘On what basis?’ He said: ‘You related to us from so-and-so, from so-and-so.’ Al-Aʿmash said: ‘Jurists! You are the physicians, and we are the pharmacists.’

Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, the author of the dictated sessions in Balkh, related to us. He said: Bishr ibn al-Walīd related to us. He said: Abū Yūsuf, may God have mercy on him, said: Al-Aʿmash met me: ‘This companion of yours contradicts ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd.’ I said to him: ‘In what does he contradict him?’ He said: ‘ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd said: “The sale of an enslaved woman divorces her.” Your companion says: “The sale of an enslaved woman does not divorce her.”’ I said to him: ‘You related to us from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he did not treat her sale as divorcing her.’ He said: ‘Where did I relate that?’ I said: ‘You related to us from Ibrāhīm, from al-Aswad, from ʿĀʾisha, may God be pleased with her, that the Prophet, peace be upon him, gave Barīra a choice.’ Abū Yūsuf said: If the sale of an enslaved woman divorced her, giving her a choice would have had no meaning. ʿĀʾisha, may God be pleased with her, bought her; if her sale were a divorce, the Prophet, peace be upon him, would not have given her a choice. Al-Aʿmash said: ‘Yaʿqūb! This applies to this?’ I said: ‘Yes.’

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, the judge, related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Muʾammal related to me. He said: ʿAlī ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, from Abū Yūsuf, who said: Sulaymān al-Aʿmash met me and said: ‘Yaʿqūb! Have you not seen your companion Abū Ḥanīfa contradict ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd?’ I said: ‘In what?’ He said: ‘ʿAbd Allāh said: “The sale of an enslaved woman divorces her.” Your companion says it does not divorce her.’ I said to him: ‘You related to us from the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, that her sale does not divorce her.’ He said: ‘On what basis?’ I said: ‘You related to us from Ibrāhīm, from al-Aswad, from ʿĀʾisha, may God be pleased with her, that she bought Barīra and freed her, and the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, gave her a choice. Had the sale been a divorce, there would have been no choice here.’ Al-Aʿmash said: ‘You are magicians; you are magicians.’

Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām, the blind man, related to us. He said: I heard Abū ʿUthmān Aḥmad ibn Khālid al-Marwazī say, from Bishr ibn Yaḥyā, from Jarīr, who said: A woman came to al-Aʿmash to ask a question concerning menstruation. He said: ‘Where is Yaʿqūb, so that he can give her an opinion?’ Abū Yūsuf came and answered her. Al-Aʿmash said: ‘Yaʿqūb! Does Nuʿmān teach you this?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘How well he teaches you!’ The woman returned and added something to the question. He said: ‘Where is Yaʿqūb, so that he can answer her? She has added to her question.’ Yaʿqūb came and answered her. He said: ‘Yaʿqūb! Does Nuʿmān teach you this?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘How well he teaches you!’

My father and Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sahl related to us. They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ related to us, from Bishr ibn Yaḥyā, from Jarīr, who said: I heard al-Aʿmash when a man came and asked him a question. He said: ‘Go to the people of that circle. When a question arises for them, they keep discussing it until they reach the right answer’—meaning the circle of Abū Ḥanīfa and his companions. May God have mercy on them and on the transmitters mentioned.

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Ḥibbān related to us, from Yaḥyā ibn Aktham, from Jarīr, who said: Al-Mughīra said to me: ‘Sit with Abū Ḥanīfa. If Ibrāhīm were alive, he would sit with him.’

I heard Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī say: I heard Muḥammad ibn Muqātil say: Jarīr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd said: Al-Mughīra said to me: ‘Keep to this circle, and you will gain understanding of jurisprudence’—meaning Abū Ḥanīfa’s circle, may God be pleased with him.

I heard Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Salmān, Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām, and others say: We heard Abū ʿIṣma Saʿd ibn Muʿādh relate from Yaḥyā ibn Aktham, from Jarīr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Ḍabbī, who said: Al-Mughīra gave a legal opinion—or he said, a statement—and it was disputed. Al-Mughīra said: ‘I have heard that the young man who is in ʿAmr ibn Ḥurayth’s house holds the same view as we do’—meaning Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him.

My father and Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sahl related to us. They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad related to us, from Bishr ibn Yaḥyā, from Jarīr, from al-Mughīra: When they asked him about something and disputed with him, he would say: ‘This is Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him.’

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Mūsā ibn Naṣr related to us. He said: I heard Jarīr say: Al-Mughīra used to blame me when I did not attend Abū Ḥanīfa’s gathering. He would tell me: ‘Keep close to him and do not be absent from his gathering. We used to gather with Ḥammād, but the knowledge opened to him was not opened to us.’

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Qutayba related to us. He said: Mūsā ibn Aḥmad al-Qaṭawānī related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Ādam related to us, from ʿAmmār ibn Ruzayq, who said: I asked al-Mughīra a question, and he answered me. I said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa related such-and-such from Ḥammād, contrary to his statement.’ He said: ‘Ḥammād kept closer to Ibrāhīm than any of us.’

Al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbbād and Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-Tirmidhī related to us. They said: al-Ḥasan ibn Muṭīʿ related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād related to us, from al-Ḥakam, from Hishām, who said: I was with Ḥammād ibn Abī Sulaymān when Abū Ḥanīfa came. He kept discussing a question until his face reddened. When he rose, Ḥammād said: ‘As you see him in his jurisprudence, this man also has long nights of worship.’

The phrase “has a long night” is rendered as long nights of worship in context.

Muḥammad ibn Yazīd related to us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUthmān related to us. He said: Ḥammād ibn Abī Ḥanīfa related to us. He said: My father asked Ḥammād about a man who said: ‘If I marry so-and-so, she is divorced.’ He said: ‘If he marries a woman, she is divorced.’ He said: ‘What if he says: “Every woman I marry is divorced”?’ He said: ‘If he marries, she is not divorced.’ He said: ‘When he makes things difficult for himself, he is given ease; when he makes things easy for himself, things are made difficult for him.’ Ḥammād fell silent. When Abū Ḥanīfa rose, he said: ‘Along with his jurisprudence, this man keeps the night alive in worship.’

Speaker changes are retained without inserting names absent from the printed dialogue.

Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Ziyād al-Rāzī related to us at Qirmīsīn. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr related to us. He said: Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to us. He said: I heard Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥammād ibn Abī Sulaymān say: I was with my father in Wāsiṭ. I had a young child in Kufa whom my father admired. I said to him: ‘Father! We have stayed a long time. Whom do you miss most?’ I expected him to say the child. He said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa.’

The printed supplement [به] is represented by “whom” in the relative clause.

Qays ibn Anīf al-Bukhārī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rizma related to us. He said: My father related to us, from al-Naḍr ibn Muḥammad, who said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa say: Ḥammād and I went out to accompany Sālim al-Afṭas on his departure. When we reached al-Najaf, a man asked Ḥammād: ‘I am on a fast-moving mount. The sun has set, and I do not have ablution.’ Ḥammād said to him: ‘Perform dry ablution and pray.’ [The man also asked me, and I said: ‘Continue traveling and wait for the twilight to disappear. If you fear that, perform dry ablution and pray.’] The man continued and reached water within the prayer time. Abū Ḥanīfa said: ‘This was the first matter in which I disagreed with Ḥammād.’

The printed bracketed passage and its brief reference to fearing the twilight’s disappearance are retained without adding a different timing rule.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥakam related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan [ibn] Muḥammad al-Laythī al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Ḥammād ibn Abī Sulaymān used to say: ‘Sometimes I distrust my own opinion in light of Abū Ḥanīfa’s opinion and adopt his view.’

Ibrāhīm ibn Manṣūr related to us. He said: I heard Abū ʿIṣma Saʿd ibn Muʿādh say: I heard Abū Sulaymān say: I heard Muḥammad ibn Jābir say: We used to sit with Ḥammād ibn Abī Sulaymān while Abū Ḥanīfa discussed questions with him. When he disagreed with him, he pressed him in argument. Sometimes Ḥammād said: ‘What can I do? This is Ibrāhīm’s view.’ Sometimes he said: ‘What can I do? It is a view Ibrāhīm reported to me from so-and-so, one of his companions.’ Sometimes he said: ‘It is ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd’s view, may God be pleased with him; Ibrāhīm informed me of it.’ We would then make it a report and memorize it.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: ʿUbayd ibn Ḥamdūn related to us. He said: Ḥasan ibn Ṭarīf related to us, from his father, from al-Ḥakam, from Bilāl ibn Abī Bilāl, who said: Abū Ḥanīfa used to stay up with a group of his companions at Ḥammād’s, discussing jurisprudence. Ḥammād had a rooster that crowed early in the night. Its crowing was the signal between Ḥammād and his companions. When it crowed, Ḥammād rose, and Abū Ḥanīfa would say: ‘What a rooster you are—may God make you ugly! You have cut off our discussion. The worst rooster is one that crows early in the night.’

Muḥammad ibn Naṣr ibn Sulaymān al-Harawī related to us. He said: Mūsā ibn Naṣr related to us. He said: I heard al-Ḥasan al-Laʾʾāl say: I heard Abū Yūsuf say: Abū Ḥanīfa and Ibn Abī Laylā met in a place. Abū Ḥanīfa discussed a question with him and pressed him. Ibn Abī Laylā said: ‘I do not retract a view I have stated.’ Abū Ḥanīfa said: ‘Even if its error becomes clear?’ He said: ‘If its error becomes clear, I do not hold it.’ Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, said: ‘I have shown the error in your view, so retract it and adopt what is correct.’ He said: ‘Let me consider it.’ Abū Ḥanīfa said: ‘You may not do that.’ He said: ‘You know better.’

Muḥammad ibn Naṣr related to us. He said: Mūsā ibn Naṣr related to us. He said: I heard al-Ḥasan say: I heard Abū Yūsuf say: Ibn Abī Laylā was wary of Abū Ḥanīfa on legal questions. Al-Ḥasan said: I also heard Abū Yūsuf say: One day I witnessed Abū Ḥanīfa discussing a question of divorce with Ibn Abī Laylā. Ibn Abī Laylā held that if a man said, ‘Every woman I marry is divorced,’ she would not be divorced when he married her. If he specified a woman, or mentioned a tribe or a town, she would be divorced if he married her. Abū Ḥanīfa made statements that left him bewildered, and Ibn Abī Laylā fell silent.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ related to us. He said: Mūsā ibn Ḥizām related to us. He said: Khalaf ibn Ayyūb related to us. He said: I heard Abū Yūsuf say: I used to attend Ibn Abī Laylā, and I held a place in his esteem. When a legal question or judgment puzzled him, he sought its answer from Abū Ḥanīfa’s direction. I wanted to attend Abū Ḥanīfa, but embarrassment before him held me back. Something arose between us that made me burdensome to him. I seized the opportunity, stopped attending him, and began visiting Abū Ḥanīfa and keeping close to him.

ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥulwānī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Ṭarīf ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Hāshimī related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn al-Jaʿd say: I heard Abū Yūsuf say: At first I used to attend Ibn Abī Laylā. He treated me coldly, so I stopped visiting him and began attending Abū Ḥanīfa. Ibn Abī Laylā met me and said: ‘Yaʿqūb! How is your companion?’ I said: ‘Good.’ He said: ‘Keep close to him. You have never seen his like in jurisprudence and knowledge.’

ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim al-Marwazī related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Khashram related to us. He said: I heard al-Mushrif ibn ʿAbd Allāh say: I heard Abū Yūsuf say: I was a companion of Ibn Abī Laylā and used to attend him. Ibn Abī Laylā married off his daughter. They brought sugar and scattered it, and I snatched some. Ibn Abī Laylā looked at me and said: ‘Stop! Snatching is disapproved of.’ I said: ‘Snatching was disapproved of in armies; at weddings there is no harm.’ His attitude toward me changed, and I moved to Abū Ḥanīfa.

Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Sallām related to us. He said: Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sallām related to us. He said: My father informed us. He said: I heard Abū Muʿāwiya say: Our shaykhs used to give legal opinions with fear. When their opinion agreed with Abū Ḥanīfa’s, they rejoiced. I asked him: ‘Who were they?’ He said: ‘Among them was Ibn Abī Laylā.’

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Saʿd al-Bazzāz al-Hamdānī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us. He said: Ibn Abī Laylā envied Abū Ḥanīfa and was not one of his men.

Muḥammad ibn Sahl al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm related to me. He said: ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā related to us. He said: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, the teacher—who was imam of Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan’s mosque—informed us. He said: There was a woman who had lost her reason and had a nickname. When called by it, she would curse. A man called her by it, and she accused his parents of illicit intercourse, while both were alive. She was brought before Ibn Abī Laylā, who imposed two prescribed punishments in one sitting, flogged her in the mosque, and imposed both punishments while she was standing. This reached Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him. He said: ‘He erred in several respects. He imposed two punishments for the man’s parents, although they were alive and were the parties entitled to complain; this man was not such a party. He imposed two punishments in one place, though two punishments are not combined [until one has abated]. He imposed two punishments, although someone who accuses many people is subject to only one prescribed punishment. He punished her standing, although a woman is not subjected to a prescribed punishment standing. He punished her although she had lost her reason, and such a woman is not punished, for the pen is lifted from her. He stretched her out, although a woman is not stretched out. He flogged her in the mosque, although prescribed punishments are not carried out in the mosque.’ ʿAlī said: Bishr ibn Yaḥyā informed me of the final point.

The bracketed qualification [حتى يخف أحدهما] is retained in its brief form; no additional procedural condition has been supplied.

Muḥammad ibn Sahl related to us. He said: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Tawba al-Hamdānī related to me. He said: I heard Layth ibn Naṣr say: When Abū Ḥanīfa was pressed to accept judicial office and refused, he was beaten, brought out of the palace, and paraded around. Ibn Shubruma saw him and said: ‘What harm would it have done this poor man to accept?’ Ibn Abī Laylā said to him: ‘He is a poor man in your eyes and mine, but tomorrow he will be better than you and me.’

Qays ibn Abī Qays related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rizma related to us, from his father, who said: al-Naḍr ibn Muḥammad said: A man came to Ibn Abī Laylā and said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa has used so-and-so’s money and given it to his son to trade with.’ He sent a messenger to summon him and mentioned the matter. He said: ‘It is not as they say. The money is with me under its original seal.’ He said: ‘I consider you more truthful; the matter is as you say.’ Abū Ḥanīfa, may God be pleased with him, said: ‘No, you must send a messenger with me to inspect it, or take possession of it yourself.’ Ibn Abī Laylā said: ‘I will not.’ He said: ‘It must be done.’ Ibn Abī Laylā sent a messenger with him. Abū Ḥanīfa searched among the deposits until he found that deposit, still sealed as before. The messenger returned to Ibn Abī Laylā and said: ‘I saw the very deposit, sealed. He has so much money and so many deposits that he has no need of this one.’

Muḥammad ibn al-Layth ibn Saʿīd, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Sarakhsī, imam of the congregational mosque, related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Muhallab al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: Mughīth ibn Budayl related to us. He said: Khārija related to us. He said: Abū Jaʿfar, Commander of the Believers, summoned Abū Ḥanīfa. He was brought before him while Ibn Shubruma and Ibn Abī Laylā were present. Ibn Abī Laylā [was] judge of Kufa, and Ibn Shubruma judge of Baghdad. Abū Jaʿfar asked: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa! What is your view of the Khārijites when they take Muslim lives and property?’ He said: ‘Ask these two who are with you.’ He said: ‘I have.’ He said: ‘What did they say?’ He said: ‘One said they are held accountable for all of it; the other said they are held accountable for none of it.’ Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, said: ‘Both erred.’ He said: ‘That is why I summoned you. How is it, Abū Ḥanīfa?’ Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, said: ‘What the Khārijites did while Muslim rulings did not apply to them is waived, even if you do not waive it. What they did while Muslim rulings applied to them, they are held accountable for.’ The other scholars present said: ‘The correct view is what Abū Ḥanīfa said, may God have mercy on him.’

Muḥammad ibn Sahl al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Hāniʾ related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Naṣr ibn Ḥājib related to us. He said: Ibn Hubayra wanted to write a document between himself and the Khārijites resembling a truce, or a peace agreement. He told Ibn Abī Laylā and Ibn Shubruma: ‘Write it.’ They asked him for a month’s delay and wrote it, but Ibn Hubayra was not satisfied. He was told: ‘In Kufa there is a man skilled in examining such matters.’ He summoned him. When he arrived, he gave him the document Ibn Shubruma and Ibn Abī Laylā had written, with people present. Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, read it and said: ‘It is all mistaken except the names of God Most High mentioned in it.’ Ibn Hubayra said: ‘Will you write it?’ He said: ‘Yes, if you wish.’ He said: ‘I do wish it.’ He said: ‘When do you want me to write it?’ Ibn Hubayra said: ‘Now.’ Abū Ḥanīfa said: ‘Call a scribe.’ He called one, and Abū Ḥanīfa dictated a good document that satisfied those present. That was the first day on which Abū Ḥanīfa was preferred over Ibn Abī Laylā and Ibn Shubruma.

Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ related to us. He said: Ibn Nūḥ related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad al-Laythī related to us. He said: Ibn Shubruma related to us. He said: I used to think that two prescribed punishments applied when a man said to his wife, ‘Adulteress!’ and she said, ‘With you I committed adultery,’ until I heard Abū Ḥanīfa relate from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, that he said: ‘One prescribed punishment.’ Al-Layth said: I went to Abū Ḥanīfa and asked him about this report, and he related it to me.

Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Ḥafṣ al-Khathʿamī al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl related to us. He said: Jarīr related to us. He said: Raqaba sometimes asked me about Abū Ḥanīfa’s view. He knew that I used to attend him. I have heard that he visited Abū Ḥanīfa more than once.

Ibrāhīm ibn [ʿAmrūs] al-Hamdānī related to us. He said: al-ʿAbbās ibn Yazīd al-Baḥrānī related to us. He said: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn Yazīd ibn Mardānba say: I heard Raqaba say: Abū Ḥanīfa plunged into knowledge in a way no one had preceded him in, and attained what he sought.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Saʿd related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl related to us. He said: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us. He said: Raqaba envied Abū Ḥanīfa and was not one of his men.

Yaḥyā ibn Ismāʿīl ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān related to us. He said: I heard my grandfather al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān relate from al-Ḥasan ibn Ziyād: He used to say: Misʿar ibn Kidām would stand in prayer at one side of the mosque, while Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, was at another. His companions would disperse to attend to their affairs after the morning prayer, then gather around him. He would sit with them: some asking questions, others debating. They raised their voices until they fell silent because of the many arguments he presented [to them]. Misʿar used to say: ‘A man through whom God quiets these voices is indeed of great standing in Islam.’

Abū Hammām Muḥammad ibn Khalaf al-Nasafī related to me. He said: Muḥammad ibn Salama, the jurist of Balkh, related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn Ḥabīb, one of Abū Muʿādh’s companions, relate from Abū Muʿādh, from Misʿar ibn Kidām. Misʿar said: I used to see Abū Ḥanīfa pray the morning prayer, then sit discussing knowledge until noon. He would pray the noon prayer and sit discussing knowledge until the afternoon prayer, then sit discussing knowledge until sunset. He would pray the sunset prayer and sit discussing knowledge until the night prayer. Misʿar said: I thought to myself: ‘When does this man worship? I shall watch him tonight.’ I watched him. After the late night prayer he entered his home. When people had quieted down and gone to bed, he came out to the mosque and stood in prayer all night. When people began to stir, he entered his home, then came out when people usually came out, prepared and with his beard combed. He spent that day teaching as he had before. Misʿar said: I thought: ‘He went to exceptional lengths tonight. I shall watch him a second night.’ He did as he had the first night and spent the next day teaching as before. Misʿar said: I thought: ‘A man may be energetic for a night or two; I shall watch him a third night.’ I watched him a third night. He did as on the first two nights and spent the next day teaching as before. Abū Muʿādh said: Misʿar said: ‘I shall keep close to him until I die or he dies.’ He said: I remained with him until Abū Ḥanīfa died. May God be pleased with him and with all who love and follow him. Abū Muʿādh said: Misʿar died while prostrating. May God have mercy on him and on all the transmitters mentioned.

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Balkhī related to us, from Shaddād ibn Ḥakīm, who said: Misʿar ibn Kidām said: I watched Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, in the Sacred Mosque. After the night prayer, he stood praying and kept the whole night alive. I thought: ‘A man may be energetic for one night.’ I watched him the second night, and he did the same, standing through the night. I watched him a third night, and he stood until morning. I said: ‘He is a man devoted to worship.’

Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-Tirmidhī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Ḥibbān related to us, from Khallād ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ṣafwān, who said: Misʿar ibn Kidām said: I came to Abū Ḥanīfa while he was standing in prayer. I stood for a long while, but he did not turn toward me. I took a pebble, placed it on his garment, and left. I went away for as long as God willed. [Then I returned to him], and the pebble had not moved. Misʿar then said: ‘We pursued theological disputation with Abū Ḥanīfa, and he surpassed us. He joined us in asceticism and surpassed us. He joined us in jurisprudence and produced what you see.’

Muḥammad ibn Sahl al-Marwazī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Hāniʾ related to me. He said: I heard Khallād ibn Yaḥyā in Mecca say: Misʿar said—and he mentioned a similar report.

The Arabic abbreviates the account with مثله; the preceding report’s narrative is not repeated here.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Aḥmad al-Ṭawāwīsī related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan: I heard ʿAmmār say: Misʿar ibn Kidām saw a perfumed man walking at night and thought he was a bridegroom entering his wife’s house. He entered the mosque, stood in his place, pronounced the opening magnification, and began the Sūra of the Cow. He said: I thought, ‘He will reach halfway, then bow.’ He passed halfway. I thought, ‘He will finish it, then bow.’ He went beyond it and continued reciting until he completed the entire Qurʾān in one unit of prayer. When he finished praying, he left the mosque for his home. I caught up with him and found that he was Abū Ḥanīfa. May God have abundant mercy on him.

The account changes to first-person narration as printed; no additional named speaker is inserted.

My father and ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī said: I heard ʿAmmār say: Misʿar ibn Kidām saw a perfumed man—and he mentioned a similar account.

The abbreviated reference نحوه is retained without repeating report 245.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Rāzī related to us. He said: al-Faḍl ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Tustarī related to us. He said: Ḥawthara ibn [Muḥammad] related to me. He said: Muḥammad ibn Bishr related to me. He said: I heard Misʿar ibn Kidām say: Abū Ḥanīfa had acquired a fine complete outfit: shirt, trousers, cloak, and turban, worth more than fifteen hundred dirhams. After the late night prayer, when people had quieted down, he would remove the clothes he was wearing, put on this fine outfit [and perfume himself], and stand praying until morning. He was told: ‘People wear such clothes when visiting a ruler or attending a great gathering.’ He said: ‘Adorning oneself for God is more fitting than adorning oneself for people.’

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Rāzī related to us. He said: ʿUmar ibn Mudrik related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Ḥassān related to us. He said: Bukayr ibn Maʿrūf related to us. He said: Misʿar related to me. He said: I saw Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, enter his home after the late night prayer, then come out, enter the mosque, and stand praying. He began reciting the Qurʾān. When he reached the verse, ‘Those who recite God’s Book, establish prayer, and spend secretly and openly from what We have provided them hope for a trade that will never perish,’ he repeated it many times. Then he went on until he reached, ‘Or one who is devout during the hours of the night, prostrating and standing, fearing the Hereafter and hoping for his Lord’s mercy.’ He kept repeating it until I feared dawn would come upon him. When he feared morning was approaching, he went on and completed the Qurʾān. May God have abundant mercy on him.

The quoted passages are Qurʾān 35:29 and 39:9; only the words quoted in the report are translated.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq al-Simnānī related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Tawba al-Qazwīnī related to us. He said: Muṣʿab ibn Sallām related to us. He said: I heard Misʿar say: I was walking with Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, when he stepped on the foot of a child he had not seen. The child said: ‘Shaykh! Do you not fear retribution on the Day of Resurrection?’ Abū Ḥanīfa fainted. I stayed over him until he recovered and said: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa! How deeply this child’s words affected your heart!’ He said: ‘I fear that he was prompted.’

The source does not state who prompted the child; the translation does not supply one.

Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥārith al-Naysābūrī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mālikī related to me. He said: I heard Sulaymān ibn al-Rabīʿ say: I heard Hammām ibn Muslim say: I heard Misʿar say: I have not seen anyone in Kufa more learned in jurisprudence than Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him.

And Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm al-Dārī related to us, from Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Qaṭṭān, who said: I heard al-Ḥasan ibn Qutayba say: I heard Misʿar ibn Kidām say: I envy only two men in Kufa: Abū Ḥanīfa for his jurisprudence and al-Ḥasan ibn Ṣāliḥ for his asceticism. May God have mercy on them both.

Qays ibn Abī Qays related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Wāṣil related to me, from Ibn al-Mubārak, who said: When Misʿar saw Abū Ḥanīfa, he stood for him. When he sat with him, he sat before him. He revered him, inclined toward him, and praised him.

Ṣāliḥ ibn Abī Rumayḥ al-Tirmidhī wrote to me. He said: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Ṭayālisī related to us. He said: Abū Bakr ibn Khālid related to us. He said: al-Faḍl ibn al-Faḍl related to us. He said: Misʿar related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Ashʿath ibn Abī al-Shaʿthāʾ, from Abū Wāʾil, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, may God be pleased with him, who said: I heard the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, say: The pen has passed over the wretched and the fortunate; creation, provision, and the appointed term have been settled.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Qutayba related to us. He said: Jumhūr related to us. He said: al-Haytham ibn ʿAdī related to us, from Ibn Abī Khālid, who said: Abū Ḥanīfa came to al-Shaʿbī. He addressed him indirectly with words he disliked, and he did not return to him.

The printed pronouns are retained without adding names to resolve who made or disliked the remark.

Muḥammad ibn al-Mahdī ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm related to us. He said: ʿAmmār ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us. He said: Jarīr related to us. He said: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid said to Abū Ḥanīfa: ‘Abū Ḥanīfa! Will the Muslims see their Lord on the Day of Resurrection?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘You have spoken truthfully. Qays ibn Abī Ḥāzim related to me, from Jarīr ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “You will see your Lord on the Day of Resurrection as you see this moon on the night of the full moon.”’

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Bukhārī related to us in Bukhara. He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Muhājir and Mūsā ibn Ḥizām related to us. They said: Abū Muṭīʿ al-Ḥakam ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Balkhī related to us. He said: Sharīk related to us. He said: Abū Ḥanīfa related to us, from ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Maysara: He heard Zayd ibn Wahb relate from ʿUmar, may God be pleased with him, that when he fought he performed the qunūt, and when he was not fighting he did not perform it.

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim related to us. He said: al-Sarī ibn Yaḥyā related to us. He said: Shuʿayb ibn Ibrāhīm related to us, from Sharīk al-Nakhaʿī, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, who said: The shroud comes from the whole estate.

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf al-Bukhārī related to us in Balkh. He said: Ibn Qurād, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ghazwān, related to us. He said: Sharīk related to us. He said: I heard Abū Ḥanīfa relate from ʿAṭāʾ: He asked him about selling a cat, and he saw no harm in it.

Qays ibn Abī Qays related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Ḥarb related to us. He said: Yaḥyā ibn Ādam related to us. He said: Sharīk related to us, from Abū Isḥāq, from Shurayḥ, who said: A dispute was brought before him concerning a donkey that stumbled. He said: ‘All beasts stumble.’ Muḥammad ibn Ḥarb said: I heard Yaḥyā ibn Ādam relate: ‘A man told me from Abū Ḥanīfa that he did not allow return for stumbling unless it was frequent and excessive.’ Muḥammad ibn Ḥarb said: I asked Yaḥyā ibn Ādam about the man who related it to him from Abū Ḥanīfa. He said to me: ‘Sharīk, from Abū Ḥanīfa, with this account.’

Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn al-Muhājir related to us. He said: I heard ʿAlī ibn Isḥāq al-Samarqandī say: I heard Sharīk ibn ʿAbd Allāh praise Abū Ḥanīfa. May God have abundant mercy on him.

Al-Ḥasan ibn Maʿrūf related to us. He said: I heard Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ghazwān say: I heard Sharīk ibn ʿAbd Allāh say: People! There were some shortcomings on our part concerning Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him, such as the lapses that people have. We ask God for pardon and well-being.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Saʿd al-Hamdānī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl related to us. He said: I heard Abū Muʿāwiya say: Poor Sharīk was hostile to Abū Ḥanīfa out of ignorance and envy. He paid no attention to his view.

The final pronouns are retained without assigning an unstated named subject.

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Saʿd related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl related to us. He said: I heard Yaḥyā ibn Ādam relate many legal questions from Sharīk, from Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him: I said to Yaḥyā ibn Ādam: ‘Did Sharīk not dislike Abū Ḥanīfa’s views?!’ He said: ‘On the contrary, he liked them and heard from him, but envy kept him from showing it.’

ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Saʿd related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Budayl related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Shaqīq al-Khurāsānī related to me. He said: Ibn al-Mubārak was asked a question and answered according to Abū Ḥanīfa’s view, may God have mercy on him. A man said to him: ‘Sharīk said such-and-such about it.’ Ibn al-Mubārak said: ‘Stop! What has Sharīk to do with something like this? Take knowledge from its people.’

Aḥmad ibn Ḥātim related to me. He said: Huraym ibn Rufayd, Abū Aḥmad, related to me. He said: I heard al-Musay ibn Isḥāq say: Abū Ḥafṣ said: A man asked Abū Muʿāwiya a question. He answered that Abū Ḥanīfa said such-and-such. The man said: ‘Sharīk said such-and-such.’ Abū Muʿāwiya said: ‘When have you seen Sharīk’s opinion carried to distant lands, with caliphs issuing judgments according to it?!’

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Kūfī related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Mundhir related to us. He said: Abū Yaḥyā al-Ḥimmānī related to us. He said: Sharīk related to us, and I heard him say: Some men of Quraysh came to him in his mosque and mentioned Abū Ḥanīfa, may God have mercy on him. They asked: ‘What was his case?’ Sharīk said: ‘A man who came among us, who was not one of us, surpassed everyone.’