خارجة

Muḥammad ibn Yāsīn ibn al-Naḍr related to us. He said: I heard my father say: I heard Naṣr ibn Ziyād say: I heard Ḥafṣ ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān say: Khārija wrote a letter for me to Ibn ʿAwn. When I arrived, he asked me: “How did you leave Abū Ḥanīfa?” His companions said to him: “He states an opinion today and retracts it tomorrow.” He said: “You are describing a man’s scrupulousness: when someone states an opinion and then retracts it, that is scrupulousness on his part.”

Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. He said: I heard Yāsīn ibn al-Naḍr al-Naysābūrī say: I heard Naṣr ibn Ziyād, the judge of Nishapur, say: I heard Ḥafṣ ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān say: I arrived at Ibn ʿAwn’s with a letter to him from Khārija. He related a similar account.

Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: I heard Mughīth say: At his death, Khārija instructed us: “My sons! Study this legal reasoning and work at it, so that it may guide you to sound reports.”

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Saʿdī related to us. He said: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUthmān related to us, from one of his teachers, who said: Khārija was asked: “May I say that I am a believer in God’s sight?” He replied: “Yes. If you are truthful, it will not harm you.” “What if I am asked: Is your faith like the faith of Gabriel, Michael and the angels?” He said: “Say to the person asking: Describe to me the faith of Gabriel and Michael. If they describe affirmation of God’s oneness and acknowledgment, say: This is our faith. If He wills, He will forgive me, and if He wills, He will punish me for my sins. I fear my sins; I do not fear my faith.” Ibrāhīm ibn Ṭahmān also said, concerning those who qualify their faith by saying, “I am a believer, if God wills”: Ibn Ṭahmān said: “If they had sins such as illicit intercourse and theft, that would be better than what they say.” I heard ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Abī Rawwād say: “When you are asked, Are you truly a believer? say: Yes. One cannot be falsely a believer.”

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: My father related to us, from Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ, from Sufyān ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, from ʿAbd Allāh, who said: Khārija said: ʿAbd Allāh said: He said to Abū Ḥanīfa concerning nabīdh. Abū Ḥanīfa said: “We took it from your father.” He asked: “What is it?” He replied: “If something causes you doubt, dilute it with water.”

The source’s nested “he said” clauses and unspecified speakers are retained; nabīdh is a steeped beverage. “From your father” reads من قبل أبيك as min qibal abīka; an unvocalized reading min qabl abīka (“before your father”) is also possible.

Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī related to us. He said: I heard Abū ʿIṣma say: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn Rustam say: Abū Ḥanīfa was asked about Khārija. They said: “He is in Khurasan, relating to the people.” He replied: “He sat with us, and we removed a great deal of his madness, though some remained.”

جنته is read as “his madness”; the source’s jest is retained.

He said: Also Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Harawī related to us. He said: Abū Saʿīd al-Farrāʾ related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Muṣʿab related to us, from Khārija.

He said: Also Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mazīz al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: Al-Mughīth related to us, from Khārija, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them, from Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Jadalī, from Khuzayma ibn Thābit al-Anṣārī, the man whose testimony counted as two, who said: The Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, said: “Wiping over leather socks is permitted for a resident for a day and a night, and for a traveler for three days and their nights. He need not remove his leather socks if he wishes, provided he put them on while in a state of ablution.”

Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: Al-Mughīth ibn Budayl related to us, from Khārija, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Abū Isḥāq al-Hamdānī, from al-Aswad, from ʿĀʾisha, may God be pleased with her: The Prophet of God, God bless him and grant him peace, would become ritually impure through intercourse with his wife, then sleep without performing ablution until he took the full ritual bath late in the night.

ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us. He said: Khārija ibn Muṣʿab related to us. He said: Al-Mughīth ibn Budayl related to us. He said: Khārija related to us.

ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad related to us. He said: Khārija related to us. He said: Al-Mughīth related to us. He said: Khārija related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Zubayd, from Dharr al-Hamdānī, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abzā: In witr the Prophet, peace be upon him, would recite “Glorify the name of your Lord Most High” in the first prayer unit, “Say: O unbelievers” in the second, and “Say: He is God, One” in the third.

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd al-Hamdānī informed us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Nūḥ al-Balkhī related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: Khārija related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from ʿAlqama ibn Marthad, from Ibn Burayda, from his father, who said: Whenever the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, appointed a commander or dispatched a raiding party, he enjoined its commander to fear God and to care for the Muslims with him.

ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us. He said: Khārija ibn Muṣʿab related to us. He said: Al-Mughīth ibn Budayl related to us. He said: Khārija related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from ʿAlqama ibn Marthad, from Sulaymān ibn Burayda, from his father: In a long account and the dream of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Zayd: he saw in a dream the call to prayer twice and the iqāma twice. He related it to the Prophet, God bless him and grant him peace, who said: “This is a true dream.”

“Twice” is retained as the source’s abbreviated description; the calls’ wording is not reconstructed.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: ʿAlī ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us at Khuwār al-Rayy, from Layth ibn Musāwir, from Khārija, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from ʿAṭāʾ, from Ibn ʿAbbās, may God be pleased with them both, who said: A kiss does not require ablution.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us. He said: Aḥmad ibn Naṣr al-ʿAtakī related to us. He said: Abū Isḥāq al-Ṭālaqānī related to us. He said: Zakariyyā related to us, from Khārija, who said: Abū Ḥanīfa said: “If they are people at war and traders arrive with their slaves, buy from them and do not ask them about anything.”

Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Hamdānī informed us. He said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Nūḥ related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: Khārija related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Mūsā ibn Abī ʿĀʾisha, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād, from Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, said: “For whoever has an imam, the imam’s recitation counts as his recitation.”

Muḥammad ibn al-Layth ibn Saʿīd al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mazīz related to us. He said: Labīd related to us, from his father, from Khārija, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them, who said: Ibn Masʿūd, may God be pleased with him, was relating reports to his companions when a trembling seized him, until they heard his teeth chattering. He said: “I fear that I may have added something to the Prophet’s words, peace be upon him, or omitted something.”

I was told from Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad al-Khuzāʿī, who said: Muṣʿab ibn Khārija related to us. He said: Khārija related to us, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them, who said: When a sick person prays seated, he may sit however he wishes.

I was told from Muḥammad ibn al-Naḍr, who said: Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAlāʾ al-Marwarrūdhī related to us. He said: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to us, from Khārija, from Abū Ḥanīfa, from Ḥammād, from Ibrāhīm, may God have mercy on them, Concerning a man’s child whose parents are one Muslim and the other a polytheist, he said: The child follows the Muslim of the two.

Qays ibn Abī Qays related to us. He said: Muḥammad ibn Ḥarb related to us. He said: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn Rustam say: I heard Khārija say: I met a thousand scholars or more, and not one of them resembled Abū Ḥanīfa in insight, knowledge and intelligence. What an excellent steward of knowledge he was for the community of Muḥammad, peace be upon him!

The Persian expression kad-khudāy is rendered “steward.”

Abū Zayd ʿImrān ibn Firīnām related to us. He said: Abū al-Faḍl al-Fazārī related to us, from Wahb ibn Zamʿa, from Khārija, That he had met a thousand scholars and transmitted from them. Khārija said: Among those I met, four were described as intelligent; Abū Ḥanīfa was among them.

Muḥammad ibn al-Layth ibn Saʿīd al-Sarakhsī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh, related to us. He said: Khārija ibn Muṣʿab related to us. He said: I heard al-Mughīth ibn Badīl say: I heard Khārija say: Abū Jaʿfar, Commander of the Believers, summoned Abū Ḥanīfa to make him chief judge. He refused him, so he imprisoned him for some days. Then he summoned him and said: “Abū Ḥanīfa! Why do you not enter our service? Why do you shun it, when men better than you have served?” Abū Ḥanīfa replied: “I am not fit—may God set you right—for judging.” He said: “You lie, Abū Ḥanīfa!” Abū Ḥanīfa said: “God is greatest! The Commander of the Believers has thus ruled that I am unfit.” He asked: “How?” He replied: “If I am lying, a liar is unfit; and if I am truthful, my excuse is clear.” Then ʿAmr ibn ʿUbayd stood and said to him: “God Most High has given you the whole world. Buy yourself with part of it, and remember a night you will pass after which there is no further night.” Abū Jaʿfar became distressed and lowered his head. Al-Rabīʿ said to him: “You say this to the Commander of the Believers?” ʿAmr said: “This man has accompanied you for twenty years without offering you sincere counsel. Nothing from God’s Book or His Prophet’s practice has been acted upon at your gate.” He said: “What should I do? I summoned you, but you did not answer me.” ʿAmr replied: “Call us through your justice, and we will willingly assist you. At your gate are a thousand grievances. Redress one of them, and you will know that you are sincere.”

Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Sarakhsī related to us. He said: My father related to us. He said: Bishr ibn Yaḥyā related to us, from Salm ibn Sālim, who said: I heard Khārija say: I visited Muḥammad ibn ʿUlātha when he was judge of Baghdad. He said: “Two men testified before me. I inquired about their religious outlook privately and publicly. They were praised and described as righteous, good and devout, so I intended to judge on their testimony. The person against whom I intended to rule said: You would judge on their testimony, though they claim that wine, gambling and sacrificial stones are Abū Bakr, ʿUmar and ʿUthmān! I asked them: Is that what you say? They answered: Yes. I asked: Why? They said: Because they were wrongdoers in assuming the caliphate. I therefore investigated their case and suspended acceptance of their testimony.” He said to me: “When you reach Kufa, ask about this for me.” When I reached Kufa, I asked Ibn Shubruma, who said: “I do not know.” I asked Sufyān, who said: “I do not know.” I asked Ibn Abī Laylā, who said: “This is one of the cloth merchant’s questions”—meaning Abū Ḥanīfa. So I asked Abū Ḥanīfa. He replied: “Ask those two about the wine, gambling, sacrificial stones and divining arrows in the Book of God, Blessed and Most High: Are they forbidden? If they say yes, their testimony is accepted, for their error lies in interpretation.”

I was told from Aḥmad ibn ʿĪsā, who said: One of our companions related to us. He said: It reached me from Khārija, That he said: “I set out to seek knowledge with so-and-so and so-and-so. When we had finished seeking it, my two companions returned, while I turned to Abū Ḥanīfa. Had God Most High not helped me through Abū Ḥanīfa, I would have been like those two men: they did not give legal opinions, whereas I did.”

I was told from Abū Aḥmad al-Ghassānī, who said: Ibrāhīm ibn Rustam related to us. He said: I heard Khārija say: Abū Ḥanīfa was an expert assayer of reports.

I was told from Muḥammad ibn al-Naḍr, who said: al-Shāh ibn Makhlad related to us. He said: I heard Ibrāhīm ibn Rustam say: I heard Khārija say: I never saw scholars more humbled in any gathering than in Abū Ḥanīfa’s gathering, may God have mercy on them.

Muḥammad ibn al-Layth related to us, saying: I heard Khārija ibn Muṣʿab say: I heard Mughīth say: I heard Khārija say: I spent a hundred thousand in seeking knowledge, and a hundred thousand on people.